Opencv 黑帽|极客教程

在进行大津二值化之后，进行黑帽运算吧。

黑帽运算是原图像与闭运算的结果图的差。

在这里，我们求大津二值化之后的图像和闭处理（N=3）之后的图像的差，在这里和顶帽运算一样，可以提取出细线状的部分或者噪声。

样例图片不好突出显示黑帽运算的效果，如果找到了其它适合的图像会在这里作出更正。

python实现：

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Read image
img = cv2.imread("imori.jpg").astype(np.float32)
H, W, C = img.shape

# Otsu binary
## Grayscale
out = 0.2126 * img[..., 2] + 0.7152 * img[..., 1] + 0.0722 * img[..., 0]
out = out.astype(np.uint8)

## Determine threshold of Otsu's binarization
max_sigma = 0
max_t = 0

for _t in range(1, 255):
    v0 = out[np.where(out < _t)]
    m0 = np.mean(v0) if len(v0) > 0 else 0.
    w0 = len(v0) / (H * W)
    v1 = out[np.where(out >= _t)]
    m1 = np.mean(v1) if len(v1) > 0 else 0.
    w1 = len(v1) / (H * W)
    sigma = w0 * w1 * ((m0 - m1) ** 2)
    if sigma > max_sigma:
        max_sigma = sigma
        max_t = _t

## Binarization
#print("threshold >>", max_t)
th = max_t
out[out < th] = 0
out[out >= th] = 255

# Morphology filter
MF = np.array(((0, 1, 0),
               (1, 0, 1),
               (0, 1, 0)), dtype=np.int)

# Morphology - dilate
Dil_time = 3
mor = out.copy()

for i in range(Dil_time):
    tmp = np.pad(out, (1, 1), 'edge')
    for y in range(1, H+1):
        for x in range(1, W+1):
            if np.sum(MF * tmp[y-1:y+2, x-1:x+2]) >= 255:
                mor[y-1, x-1] = 255

# Morphology - erode
Erode_time = 3

for i in range(Erode_time):
    tmp = np.pad(mor, (1, 1), 'edge')
    for y in range(1, H+1):
        for x in range(1, W+1):
            if np.sum(MF * tmp[y-1:y+2, x-1:x+2]) < 255*4:
                mor[y-1, x-1] = 0

out = mor - out

# Save result
cv2.imwrite("out.jpg", out)
cv2.imshow("result", out)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

输入：

Opencv 黑帽