Matplotlib fmt errorbar|极客教程

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

在matplotlib中，我们经常会用到errorbar函数来展示数据的误差范围。在绘制errorbar时，我们可以指定不同的fmt参数来控制误差线的样式。本文将详细介绍fmt参数的不同设置方式以及效果展示。

使用fmt参数设置误差线样式

在matplotlib的errorbar函数中，我们可以通过设置fmt参数来控制误差线的样式。fmt参数是一个字符串，其中包含了控制线条风格和颜色的方式。下面我们将展示一些常用的fmt参数设置方式。

实线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

虚线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='--')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='-.')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

方块点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt=':')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

等间距点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='o')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

圆形点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='s')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

下三角点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='v')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

上三角点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='^')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

左三角点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='<')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

右三角点线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='>')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

图例设置

当我们使用不同的fmt参数设置误差线样式时，可以通过legend函数来设置图例。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='-', label='Solid Line')
plt.errorbar(x, [i**2 for i in x], yerr=[e*2 for e in errors], fmt='--', label='Dashed Line')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

颜色设置

除了线条样式，我们还可以通过fmt参数来设置误差线的颜色。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='r-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='g-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='b-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='k-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

组合设置

最后，我们也可以将线条样式和颜色进行组合设置。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='ro-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='bs--')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='g^-')
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib fmt errorbar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
errors = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=errors, fmt='kd:')
plt.show()