PostgreSQL Perl接口
安装
PostgreSQL可以通过使用Perl DBI模块与Perl集成,该模块是Perl编程语言的数据库访问模块。它定义了一组方法、变量和约定,提供了一个标准的数据库接口。
以下是在Linux/Unix机器上安装DBI模块的简单步骤:
$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ cd DBI-1.625
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install
如果您需要为DBI安装SQLite驱动程序,则可以按照以下步骤进行安装:
$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TU/TURNSTEP/DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
$ cd DBD-Pg-2.19.3
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install
在您开始使用Perl PostgreSQL接口之前,请在您的PostgreSQL安装目录中找到 pg_hba.conf 文件,并添加以下行 –
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
在以下情况下,您可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动Postgres服务器,即在服务器未运行的情况下:
[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
DBI接口APIs
以下是重要的DBI例程,可以满足您在Perl程序中使用SQLite数据库的需求。如果您正在寻找更复杂的应用程序,可以查阅Perl DBI官方文档。
序号 | API & 描述 |
---|---|
1 | DBI→connect($data_source, "userid", "password", \%attr) 建立到请求的$data_source 的数据库连接或会话。如果连接成功,返回数据库句柄对象。 数据源的形式如下: DBI:Pg:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432 Pg是PostgreSQL驱动程序名称,testdb是数据库名称。 |
2 | $dbh→do($sql) 此例程准备并执行一条SQL语句。返回受影响的行数或错误时返回undef。返回-1表示不知道、不适用或不可用。这里$dbh 是通过DBI→connect()调用返回的句柄。 |
3 | $dbh→prepare($sql) 此例程为后续由数据库引擎执行的语句做准备,并返回对语句句柄对象的引用。 |
4 | $sth→execute() 此例程执行必要的处理以执行准备好的语句。如果发生错误,返回undef。无论受影响的行数是多少,成功的执行始终返回true。这里$sth是通过$dbh→prepare($sql) 调用返回的语句句柄。 |
5 | $sth→fetchrow_array() 此例程取得下一行数据并将其作为包含字段值的列表返回。空字段以列表中的undef值返回。 |
6 | $DBI::err 这相当于$h→err ,$h 可以是任何句柄类型,比如$dbh 、$sth 或$drh 。它返回上次调用的驱动方法的本机数据库引擎错误代码。 |
7 | $DBI::errstr 这相当于$h→errstr ,$h 可以是任何句柄类型,比如$dbh 、$sth 或$drh 。它返回上次调用的DBI方法的本机数据库引擎错误消息。 |
8 | $dbh- >disconnect() 此例程关闭先前通过DBI→connect()调用打开的数据库连接。 |
连接到数据库
以下Perl代码展示了如何连接到现有数据库。如果数据库不存在,则会被创建,最后将返回一个数据库对象。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname = database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 }) or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
现在,让我们运行上面给出的程序来打开我们的数据库 testdb ;如果成功打开数据库,它将显示以下信息 –
Open database successfully
创建表
以下Perl程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建表 –
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname=database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 })
or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
my stmt = qq(CREATE TABLE COMPANY
(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL););
myrv = dbh->do(stmt);
if(rv<0) {
printDBI::errstr;
} else {
print "Table created successfully\n";
}
$dbh->disconnect();
当执行上述给定程序时,它将在您的 testdb 中创建 COMPANY 表,并显示以下消息。
Opened database successfully
Table created successfully
插入操作
以下Perl程序展示了如何向我们在上面的示例中创建的COMPANY表中插入记录:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname = database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 })
or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
my stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ));
myrv = dbh->do(stmt) or die DBI::errstr;stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ));
rv =dbh->do(stmt) or dieDBI::errstr;
stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 ));rv = dbh->do(stmt) or die DBI::errstr;stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 ););
rv =dbh->do(stmt) or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Records created successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();
当执行以上给定的程序时,它将在”COMPANY”表中创建给定的记录,并显示以下两行-
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
SELECT操作
下面的Perl程序展示了我们如何从上面的示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname = database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 })
or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
my stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
mysth = dbh->prepare(stmt );
my rv =sth->execute() or die DBI::errstr;
if(rv < 0) {
print DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row =sth->fetchrow_array()) {
print "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
print "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
print "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
print "SALARY = ".row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();
当执行上述给定程序时,它将产生以下结果 –
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000
Operation done successfully
更新操作
以下Perl代码显示了我们如何使用UPDATE语句来更新任何记录,然后从我们的COMPANY表中获取和显示更新后的记录-
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname = database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 })
or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
my stmt = qq(UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;);
myrv = dbh->do(stmt) or die DBI::errstr;
if(rv < 0 ) {
print DBI::errstr;
}else{
print "Total number of rows updated :rv\n";
}
stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
mysth = dbh->prepare(stmt );
rv =sth->execute() or die DBI::errstr;
if(rv < 0) {
print DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row =sth->fetchrow_array()) {
print "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
print "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
print "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
print "SALARY = ".row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();
当上述给定的程序被执行时,它将产生以下结果 –
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows updated : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000
Operation done successfully
DELETE操作
以下Perl代码展示了我们如何使用DELETE语句删除任意记录,然后从我们的COMPANY表中获取并显示剩余的记录。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use DBI;
use strict;
my driver = "Pg";
mydatabase = "testdb";
my dsn = "DBI:driver:dbname = database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
myuserid = "postgres";
my password = "pass123";
mydbh = DBI->connect(dsn,userid, password, { RaiseError => 1 })
or dieDBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";
my stmt = qq(DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;);
myrv = dbh->do(stmt) or die DBI::errstr;
if(rv < 0 ) {
print DBI::errstr;
} else{
print "Total number of rows deleted :rv\n";
}
stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
mysth = dbh->prepare(stmt );
rv =sth->execute() or die DBI::errstr;
if(rv < 0) {
print DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row =sth->fetchrow_array()) {
print "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
print "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
print "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
print "SALARY = ".row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();
当执行以上给定的程序时,它将产生以下结果−
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows deleted : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000
Operation done successfully