PostgreSQL PHP接口
安装
PostgreSQL扩展在最新版本的PHP 5.3.x中默认启用。您可以在编译时使用 --without-pgsql 来禁用它。但您仍然可以使用yum命令来安装PHP-PostgreSQL接口。
yum install php-pgsql
在开始使用PHP PostgreSQL接口之前,请在您的PostgreSQL安装目录中找到 pg_hba.conf 文件,并添加以下行 –
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
如果PostgreSQL服务器没有运行,您可以使用以下命令启动/重启该服务器−
[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
Windows用户必须启用php_pgsql.dll才能使用此扩展。该DLL包含在Windows发行版中的最新版本的PHP 5.3.x中。
有关详细的安装说明,请查看我们的PHP教程和官方网站。
PHP接口API
以下是重要的PHP例程,它们可以满足您在PHP程序中使用PostgreSQL数据库的需求。如果您正在寻找更复杂的应用程序,请参阅PHP官方文档。
序号 | API 和描述 |
---|---|
1 | resource pg_connect ( string connection_string [, intconnect_type ] ) 此函数打开与由 connection_string 指定的 PostgreSQL 数据库的连接。 如果 connect_type 为 PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW,那么在第二次调用 pg_connect() 时,即使 connection_string 与现有连接相同,也会创建一个新连接。 |
2 | bool pg_connection_reset ( resource $connection ) 此函数重置连接,用于错误恢复。成功返回 TRUE,失败返回 FALSE。 |
3 | int pg_connection_status ( resource $connection ) 此例程返回指定连接的状态。返回PGSQL_CONNECTION_OK或PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD。 |
4 | string pg_dbname ([ resource $connection ] ) 此例程返回给定PostgreSQL连接资源所连接的数据库名称。 |
5 | resource pg_prepare ([ resource connection ], stringstmtname, string $query ) 此例程提交一个带有给定参数的请求,用来创建一个准备好的语句,并等待完成。 |
6 | resource pg_execute ([ resource connection ], stringstmtname, array $params ) 此例程发送一个带有给定参数的请求,用来执行一个准备好的语句,并等待结果。 |
7 | resource pg_query ([ resource connection ], stringquery ) 此例程在指定的数据库连接上执行查询。 |
8 | array pg_fetch_row ( resource result [, introw ] ) 此例程从与指定结果资源关联的结果中获取一行数据。 |
9 | array pg_fetch_all ( resource $result ) 此例程返回一个包含结果资源中所有行(记录)的数组。 |
10 | int pg_affected_rows ( resource $result ) 此例程返回INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE查询影响的行数。 |
11 | int pg_num_rows ( resource $result ) 这个函数返回一个PostgreSQL结果资源中的行数,例如SELECT语句返回的行数。 |
12 | bool pg_close ([ resource $connection ] ) 这个函数关闭与给定连接资源关联的非持久连接到PostgreSQL数据库。 |
13 | string pg_last_error ([ resource $connection ] ) 这个函数返回给定连接的最后一个错误消息。 |
14 | string pg_escape_literal ([ resource connection ], stringdata ) 这个函数用于转义要插入到文本字段中的文字。 |
15 | string pg_escape_string ([ resource connection ], stringdata ) 此例程用于转义查询数据库的字符串。 |
连接到数据库
以下PHP代码展示了如何连接到本地机器上的现有数据库,并最终返回一个数据库连接对象。
<?php
host = "host = 127.0.0.1";port = "port = 5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
?>
现在,让我们运行上述给定的程序来打开我们的数据库 testdb :如果数据库成功打开,则会显示以下消息 −
Opened database successfully
创建表格
以下的PHP程序将用于在之前创建的数据库中创建表格−
<?php
host = "host = 127.0.0.1";port = "port = 5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
CREATE TABLE COMPANY
(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
} else {
echo "Table created successfully\n";
}
pg_close($db);
?>
当执行上面给定的程序时,它将在您的testdb中创建一个COMPANY表,并显示以下信息:
Opened database successfully
Table created successfully
插入操作
下面的PHP程序展示了如何在上面示例创建的COMPANY表中插入记录 –
<?php
host = "host=127.0.0.1";port = "port=5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
} else {
echo "Records created successfully\n";
}
pg_close($db);
?>
当上面给定的程序被执行时,它将在COMPANY表中创建给定的记录,并显示以下两行 –
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
选择操作
以下的PHP程序展示了我们如何从上面的例子中创建的COMPANY表中提取和显示记录:
<?php
host = "host = 127.0.0.1";port = "port = 5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
exit;
}
while(row = pg_fetch_row(ret)) {
echo "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
echo "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
echo "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
echo "SALARY = ".row[4] ."\n\n";
}
echo "Operation done successfully\n";
pg_close($db);
?>
当执行上面给出的程序时,会产生以下结果。请注意,字段按创建表时使用的顺序返回。
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000
Operation done successfully
UPDATE操作
下面的PHP代码展示了我们如何使用UPDATE语句来更新任何记录,并从我们的COMPANY表中获取和显示更新后的记录。
<?php
host = "host=127.0.0.1";port = "port=5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
exit;
} else {
echo "Record updated successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
exit;
}
while(row = pg_fetch_row(ret)) {
echo "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
echo "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
echo "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
echo "SALARY = ".row[4] ."\n\n";
}
echo "Operation done successfully\n";
pg_close($db);
?>
当执行上述给定的程序时,将会产生以下结果−
Opened database successfully
Record updated successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 65000
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY = 25000
Operation done successfully
删除操作
以下PHP代码展示了我们如何使用DELETE语句来删除任意记录,然后从我们的COMPANY表中获取和显示剩余的记录。
<?php
host = "host = 127.0.0.1";port = "port = 5432";
dbname = "dbname = testdb";credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";
db = pg_connect( "host portdbname credentials" );
if(!db) {
echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
} else {
echo "Opened database successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
exit;
} else {
echo "Record deleted successfully\n";
}
sql =<<<EOF
SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;ret = pg_query(db,sql);
if(!ret) {
echo pg_last_error(db);
exit;
}
while(row = pg_fetch_row(ret)) {
echo "ID = ". row[0] . "\n";
echo "NAME = ".row[1] ."\n";
echo "ADDRESS = ". row[2] ."\n";
echo "SALARY = ".row[4] ."\n\n";
}
echo "Operation done successfully\n";
pg_close($db);
?>
执行上述给定的程序时,它将产生以下结果−
Opened database successfully
Record deleted successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 65000
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY = 25000
Operation done successfully