PostgreSQL JAVA接口
安装
在开始使用Java程序中的PostgreSQL之前,我们需要确保机器上已经安装了PostgreSQL JDBC和Java。您可以查看Java教程了解如何在机器上安装Java。现在让我们来看看如何设置PostgreSQL JDBC驱动程序。
- 从postgresql-jdbc仓库中下载最新版本的postgresql-(版本).jdbc.jar。
-
将下载的jar文件postgresql-(版本).jdbc.jar添加到类路径中,或者可以在示例中使用-classpath选项一起使用。
以下部分假设您对Java JDBC概念有一些了解。如果您不了解,请花半小时阅读JDBC教程,以便更好地理解下面解释的概念。
连接到数据库
以下Java代码演示了如何连接到现有数据库。如果数据库不存在,则将创建数据库并最后返回一个数据库对象。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Connection c = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"postgres", "123");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println(e.getClass().getName()+": "+e.getMessage());
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
}
}
在编译和运行上述程序之前,在您的PostgreSQL安装目录中找到 pg_hba.conf 文件,并添加以下行:
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
如果postgresql服务器没有运行,您可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动它:
[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
现在,让我们编译并运行上面的程序以连接到testdb。在这里,我们使用 postgres 作为用户ID,并使用 123 作为密码来访问数据库。您可以根据您的数据库配置和设置进行更改。我们还假设当前版本的JDBC驱动程序 postgresql-9.2-1002.jdbc3.jar 在当前路径中可用。
C:\JavaPostgresIntegration>javac PostgreSQLJDBC.java
C:\JavaPostgresIntegration>java -cp c:\tools\postgresql-9.2-1002.jdbc3.jar;C:\JavaPostgresIntegration PostgreSQLJDBC
Open database successfully
创建表
下面的Java程序将用于在之前打开的数据库中创建一个表。请确保目标数据库中没有这个表。
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
"(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
" NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " +
" AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
" ADDRESS CHAR(50), " +
" SALARY REAL)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Table created successfully");
}
}
当一个程序被编译和执行时,它将在 testdb 数据库中创建 COMPANY 表,并显示以下两行:
Opened database successfully
Table created successfully
插入操作
以下Java程序显示了如何在上面的示例中创建我们的COMPANY表的记录 –
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
+ "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
+ "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
+ "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
+ "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.commit();
c.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Records created successfully");
}
}
当上述程序被编译和执行时,它将在COMPANY表中创建给定的记录,并显示以下两行-
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
SELECT操作
以下Java程序展示了我们如何从上面示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当程序编译并执行时,它将产生以下结果 −
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
UPDATE操作
以下的Java代码展示了如何使用UPDATE语句更新任意记录,然后从我们的COMPANY表中获取和显示更新的记录:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当程序被编译和执行时,将产生以下结果−
Opened database successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
Operation done successfully
删除操作
以下Java代码演示了我们如何使用DELETE语句删除任意记录,然后从我们的公司表中获取并显示剩余的记录。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PostgreSQLJDBC6 {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
c = DriverManager
.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
"manisha", "123");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID = 2;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当程序编译并执行时,它将产生以下结果−
Opened database successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
Operation done successfully