Python random.randrange()
生成一个随机数一直是一个重要的应用,在日常生活中有着许多用途。Python提供了一个函数,可以从指定的范围内生成随机数,也允许包含步骤的房间,在随机模块中称为randrange()。对这个函数的更多内容将在本文中讨论。
语法:
random.randrange(start(opt),stop,step(opt))
参数:
start(opt) : 代号的考虑是从这个开始的, 默认值为0,这个参数是可选的
stop : 小于此的数字会被生成。这个参数是强制性的
step(可选) : 步骤点的范围,这不会被包括在内。这是可选的。默认值为1.
返回值 :
这个函数生成了序列中的数字,start-stop,跳过步骤.
异常:
如果stop <= start且数字为非整数,则引发ValueError.
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# randrange()
import random
# Using randrange() to generate numbers from 0-100
print ("Random number from 0-100 is : ",end="")
print (random.randrange(100))
# Using randrange() to generate numbers from 50-100
print ("Random number from 50-100 is : ",end="")
print (random.randrange(50,100))
# Using randrange() to generate numbers from 50-100
# skipping 5
print ("Random number from 50-100 skip 5 is : ",end="")
print (random.randrange(50,100,5))
输出。
Random number from 0-100 is : 26
Random number from 50-100 is : 58
Random number from 50-100 skip 5 is : 90
异常
1.数值错误 – 浮点数值
# Python code to demonstrate the Exception of
# randrange(), ValueError, Float value
import random
# Using randrange() to generate numbers from 14.5-100
# Raises Exception
print ("Random number from 14.5-100 is : ",end="")
print (random.randrange(14.5,100))
输出:
Random number from 14.5-100 is :
运行时错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/5e40f42505a6926d0c75a09bec1279d9.py", line 9, in
print (random.randrange(14.5,100))
File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 182, in randrange
raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")
ValueError: non-integer arg 1 for randrange()
2.数值错误 – 开始 >= 停止
# Python code to demonstrate the Exception of
# randrange(), ValueError, start >= start
import random
# Using randrange() to generate numbers from 500-100
# Raises Exception
print ("Random number from 500-100 is : ",end="")
print (random.randrange(500,100))
输出:
Random number from 500-100 is :
运行时错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ea327cf3f1dd801a66a185d101c5cb13.py", line 9, in
print (random.randrange(500,100))
File "/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 196, in randrange
raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (500,100, -400)
实际应用
生成随机数一直是一个重要的应用,并已被用于许多赌场游戏,用于许多儿童游戏的赌博,如ludo等,这些游戏使用骰子的概念。一个简短的游戏,关于谁先达到100的胜利已经在下面的代码中描述了。每个玩家被允许使用1-10个数字的骰子,即在每个回合可以达到1-10。
# Python code to demonstrate the Application of
# randrange()
import random
sum = 0
sum1 = 0
count = 0
flag = 0
while(1):
# generate random number at each turn 1-10
r1 = random.randrange(1,10)
r2 = random.randrange(1,10)
# adding to account of players
sum = sum + r1
sum1 = sum1 + r2
count = count+1
print ("Total score of Player 1 after turn %d is : %d " % (count,sum))
# break when player 1 reaches 100
if(sum>=100):
flag=1
break
print ("Total score of Player 2 after turn %d is : %d" % (count,sum1))
# break when player 2 reaches 100
if(sum1>=100):
flag=2
break
if(flag==1):
print("\nPlayer 1 wins the game")
else :
print("\nPlayer 2 wins the game")
输出:
Total score of Player 1 after turn 1 is : 8
Total score of Player 2 after turn 1 is : 4
Total score of Player 1 after turn 2 is : 13
Total score of Player 2 after turn 2 is : 8
Total score of Player 1 after turn 3 is : 22
Total score of Player 2 after turn 3 is : 16
Total score of Player 1 after turn 4 is : 28
Total score of Player 2 after turn 4 is : 22
Total score of Player 1 after turn 5 is : 33
Total score of Player 2 after turn 5 is : 27
Total score of Player 1 after turn 6 is : 35
Total score of Player 2 after turn 6 is : 33
Total score of Player 1 after turn 7 is : 36
Total score of Player 2 after turn 7 is : 42
Total score of Player 1 after turn 8 is : 38
Total score of Player 2 after turn 8 is : 50
Total score of Player 1 after turn 9 is : 45
Total score of Player 2 after turn 9 is : 55
Total score of Player 1 after turn 10 is : 48
Total score of Player 2 after turn 10 is : 61
Total score of Player 1 after turn 11 is : 54
Total score of Player 2 after turn 11 is : 64
Total score of Player 1 after turn 12 is : 57
Total score of Player 2 after turn 12 is : 70
Total score of Player 1 after turn 13 is : 66
Total score of Player 2 after turn 13 is : 73
Total score of Player 1 after turn 14 is : 72
Total score of Player 2 after turn 14 is : 75
Total score of Player 1 after turn 15 is : 79
Total score of Player 2 after turn 15 is : 76
Total score of Player 1 after turn 16 is : 81
Total score of Player 2 after turn 16 is : 77
Total score of Player 1 after turn 17 is : 89
Total score of Player 2 after turn 17 is : 81
Total score of Player 1 after turn 18 is : 95
Total score of Player 2 after turn 18 is : 90
Total score of Player 1 after turn 19 is : 97
Total score of Player 2 after turn 19 is : 99
Total score of Player 1 after turn 20 is : 102
Player 1 wins the game