NumPy 算术操作
执行诸如add(),subtract(),multiply()和divide()等算术操作的输入数组必须具有相同的形状或符合数组广播规则。
示例
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(9, dtype = np.float_).reshape(3,3)
print 'First array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'Second array:'
b = np.array([10,10,10])
print b
print '\n'
print 'Add the two arrays:'
print np.add(a,b)
print '\n'
print 'Subtract the two arrays:'
print np.subtract(a,b)
print '\n'
print 'Multiply the two arrays:'
print np.multiply(a,b)
print '\n'
print 'Divide the two arrays:'
print np.divide(a,b)
以下是它的输出结果−
First array:
[[ 0. 1. 2.]
[ 3. 4. 5.]
[ 6. 7. 8.]]
Second array:
[10 10 10]
Add the two arrays:
[[ 10. 11. 12.]
[ 13. 14. 15.]
[ 16. 17. 18.]]
Subtract the two arrays:
[[-10. -9. -8.]
[ -7. -6. -5.]
[ -4. -3. -2.]]
Multiply the two arrays:
[[ 0. 10. 20.]
[ 30. 40. 50.]
[ 60. 70. 80.]]
Divide the two arrays:
[[ 0. 0.1 0.2]
[ 0.3 0.4 0.5]
[ 0.6 0.7 0.8]]
现在让我们来讨论一些NumPy中其他重要的算术函数。
numpy.reciprocal()
此函数返回参数的倒数,元素级别计算。对于绝对值大于1的元素,由于Python处理整数除法的方式,结果始终为0。对于整数0,会发出溢出警告。
示例
import numpy as np
a = np.array([0.25, 1.33, 1, 0, 100])
print 'Our array is:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'After applying reciprocal function:'
print np.reciprocal(a)
print '\n'
b = np.array([100], dtype = int)
print 'The second array is:'
print b
print '\n'
print 'After applying reciprocal function:'
print np.reciprocal(b)
它将产生以下输出 –
Our array is:
[ 0.25 1.33 1. 0. 100. ]
After applying reciprocal function:
main.py:9: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in reciprocal
print np.reciprocal(a)
[ 4. 0.7518797 1. inf 0.01 ]
The second array is:
[100]
After applying reciprocal function:
[0]
numpy.power()
此函数将第一个输入数组中的元素视为底数,并将其乘以第二个输入数组中相应元素的幂次方。
import numpy as np
a = np.array([10,100,1000])
print 'Our array is:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'Applying power function:'
print np.power(a,2)
print '\n'
print 'Second array:'
b = np.array([1,2,3])
print b
print '\n'
print 'Applying power function again:'
print np.power(a,b)
它将产生以下输出 –
Our array is:
[ 10 100 1000]
Applying power function:
[ 100 10000 1000000]
Second array:
[1 2 3]
Applying power function again:
[ 10 10000 1000000000]
numpy.mod()
该函数返回输入数组中对应元素相除后的余数。函数 numpy.remainder() 也可以产生相同的结果。
import numpy as np
a = np.array([10,20,30])
b = np.array([3,5,7])
print 'First array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'Second array:'
print b
print '\n'
print 'Applying mod() function:'
print np.mod(a,b)
print '\n'
print 'Applying remainder() function:'
print np.remainder(a,b)
它将产生以下输出−
First array:
[10 20 30]
Second array:
[3 5 7]
Applying mod() function:
[1 0 2]
Applying remainder() function:
[1 0 2]
以下函数用于对复数数组进行操作。
- numpy.real() − 返回复数数据类型参数的实部。
-
numpy.imag() − 返回复数数据类型参数的虚部。
-
numpy.conj() − 返回复数的共轭,通过改变虚部的符号获得。
-
numpy.angle() − 返回复数参数的角度。该函数有一个degree参数。如果为真,则返回角度为度数,否则角度为弧度。
import numpy as np
a = np.array([-5.6j, 0.2j, 11. , 1+1j])
print 'Our array is:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'Applying real() function:'
print np.real(a)
print '\n'
print 'Applying imag() function:'
print np.imag(a)
print '\n'
print 'Applying conj() function:'
print np.conj(a)
print '\n'
print 'Applying angle() function:'
print np.angle(a)
print '\n'
print 'Applying angle() function again (result in degrees)'
print np.angle(a, deg = True)
它将产生以下输出 −
Our array is:
[ 0.-5.6j 0.+0.2j 11.+0.j 1.+1.j ]
Applying real() function:
[ 0. 0. 11. 1.]
Applying imag() function:
[-5.6 0.2 0. 1. ]
Applying conj() function:
[ 0.+5.6j 0.-0.2j 11.-0.j 1.-1.j ]
Applying angle() function:
[-1.57079633 1.57079633 0. 0.78539816]
Applying angle() function again (result in degrees)
[-90. 90. 0. 45.]