极客教程在Python中使用Turtle创建一个蛇形游戏
蛇形游戏是一种街机迷宫游戏，由Gremlin Industries开发，于1976年10月由Sega发行。它被认为是一种技巧性很强的游戏，在人们中间流行了好几代。蛇形游戏中的蛇是用四个方向按钮控制的，相对于它的方向。玩家在游戏中的目标是通过收集食物或水果尽可能地获得最高分。一旦蛇撞到墙或撞到自己，玩家就会输。
对于Python初学者来说，那些有兴趣在你的领域里做一些更容易的事情的人绝对可以尝试一下，Turtle这个模块正是为了这个目的而制作的，供初学者尝试，也可以作为项目的一部分提交。这个程序将在Python 3中完成。
因此，我们将使用以下模块创建一个基于Python的游戏。
- Turtle：它是一个预装的python库，通过为用户提供一个虚拟画布，使他们能够创建形状和图片。
- 时间：该函数用于计算自纪元以来所经过的秒数。
- 随机：这个函数通过使用random模块在Python中生成随机数。
使用专门为Python程序制作的PyCharm应用程序，可以轻松完成以下代码。
同时，VSCode也可以用于这个程序。从VSCode的扩展中安装Python3。然后，以your_filename.py的形式保存该程序。
以下是使用Turtle模块创建蛇形游戏的逐步方法。
第1步 。我们将在程序中导入模块，并为游戏提供默认值
import turtle
import time
import random
delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0
第2步 。现在，我们将创建游戏的显示，即游戏的窗口屏幕，我们将在游戏中创建蛇的头部和蛇的食物，并在游戏的标题处显示分数。
# Creating a window screen
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Snake Game")
wn.bgcolor("blue")
# the width and height can be put as user's choice
wn.setup(width=600, height=600)
wn.tracer(0)
# head of the snake
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
# food in the game
food = turtle.Turtle()
colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])
food.speed(0)
food.shape(shapes)
food.color(colors)
food.penup()
food.goto(0, 100)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.shape("square")
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, 250)
pen.write("Score : 0 High Score : 0", align="center",
font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
输出:
作为标题的初始得分，白色：蛇头，红色：水果
第3步 。现在，我们将验证蛇的运动的关键。通过点击通常用于游戏的关键词’w’、’a’、’s’和’d’，我们可以操作蛇在屏幕上的运动。
# assigning key directions
def group():
if head.direction != "down":
head.direction = "up"
def godown():
if head.direction != "up":
head.direction = "down"
def goleft():
if head.direction != "right":
head.direction = "left"
def goright():
if head.direction != "left":
head.direction = "right"
def move():
if head.direction == "up":
y = head.ycor()
head.sety(y+20)
if head.direction == "down":
y = head.ycor()
head.sety(y-20)
if head.direction == "left":
x = head.xcor()
head.setx(x-20)
if head.direction == "right":
x = head.xcor()
head.setx(x+20)
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(group, "w")
wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")
wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")
wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")
第4步 。现在，最后，我们将创建游戏玩法，在这里将发生以下情况。
- 蛇吃了果实后，蛇的身体就会成长。
- 赋予蛇的尾巴以色彩。
- 水果吃完后，就可以计算分数了。
- 检查蛇的头部是否与身体或窗纱的墙壁相撞。
- 碰撞后自动从头开始重启游戏。
- 每次重新启动窗口时，都会引入新的水果形状和颜色。
- 分数将返回到零，高分将被保留，直到窗口没有关闭。
segments = []
# Main Gameplay
while True:
wn.update()
if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segments.clear()
score = 0
delay = 0.1
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
if head.distance(food) < 20:
x = random.randint(-270, 270)
y = random.randint(-270, 270)
food.goto(x, y)
# Adding segment
new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
new_segment.speed(0)
new_segment.shape("square")
new_segment.color("orange") # tail colour
new_segment.penup()
segments.append(new_segment)
delay -= 0.001
score += 10
if score > high_score:
high_score = score
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
# Checking for head collisions with body segments
for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):
x = segments[index-1].xcor()
y = segments[index-1].ycor()
segments[index].goto(x, y)
if len(segments) > 0:
x = head.xcor()
y = head.ycor()
segments[0].goto(x, y)
move()
for segment in segments:
if segment.distance(head) < 20:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"
colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segment.clear()
score = 0
delay = 0.1
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
time.sleep(delay)
wn.mainloop()
以下是基于上述方法的完整方案：
# import required modules
import turtle
import time
import random
delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0
# Creating a window screen
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Snake Game")
wn.bgcolor("blue")
# the width and height can be put as user's choice
wn.setup(width=600, height=600)
wn.tracer(0)
# head of the snake
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
# food in the game
food = turtle.Turtle()
colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])
food.speed(0)
food.shape(shapes)
food.color(colors)
food.penup()
food.goto(0, 100)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.shape("square")
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, 250)
pen.write("Score : 0 High Score : 0", align="center",
font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
# assigning key directions
def group():
if head.direction != "down":
head.direction = "up"
def godown():
if head.direction != "up":
head.direction = "down"
def goleft():
if head.direction != "right":
head.direction = "left"
def goright():
if head.direction != "left":
head.direction = "right"
def move():
if head.direction == "up":
y = head.ycor()
head.sety(y+20)
if head.direction == "down":
y = head.ycor()
head.sety(y-20)
if head.direction == "left":
x = head.xcor()
head.setx(x-20)
if head.direction == "right":
x = head.xcor()
head.setx(x+20)
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(group, "w")
wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")
wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")
wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")
segments = []
# Main Gameplay
while True:
wn.update()
if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segments.clear()
score = 0
delay = 0.1
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
if head.distance(food) < 20:
x = random.randint(-270, 270)
y = random.randint(-270, 270)
food.goto(x, y)
# Adding segment
new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
new_segment.speed(0)
new_segment.shape("square")
new_segment.color("orange") # tail colour
new_segment.penup()
segments.append(new_segment)
delay -= 0.001
score += 10
if score > high_score:
high_score = score
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
# Checking for head collisions with body segments
for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):
x = segments[index-1].xcor()
y = segments[index-1].ycor()
segments[index].goto(x, y)
if len(segments) > 0:
x = head.xcor()
y = head.ycor()
segments[0].goto(x, y)
move()
for segment in segments:
if segment.distance(head) < 20:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"
colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segment.clear()
score = 0
delay = 0.1
pen.clear()
pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
time.sleep(delay)
wn.mainloop()
展示最终的游戏，显示所有用代码编写的内容