使用Matplotlib在Python中绘制三曲面

三曲面图是一种曲面图，它是由有限个三角形组成的紧致曲面的三角剖分而成，这些三角形覆盖了整个曲面，使曲面上的每一个点都是三角形。任何两个三角形的交点都会产生空边或公共边或顶点。这种类型的绘图是在均匀采样网格具有限制性和不方便绘图的情况下创建的。通常，三曲面图是通过调用matplotlib库的ax.plot_trisurf()函数来创建的。下面列出了该函数的一些属性:

示例1

让我们使用ax.plot_trisurf()函数创建一个基本的三曲面图。

# Import libraries
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
 
# Creating dataset
z = np.linspace(0, 50000, 100)
x = np.sin(z)
y = np.cos(z)
 
# Creating figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize =(14, 9))
ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d')
 
# Creating plot
ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z,
                linewidth = 0.2,
                antialiased = True);
 
# show plot
plt.show()

输出 :

示例2

为了更好地理解，让我们再举一个例子。

# Import libraries
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
 
# Creating radii and angles
r = np.linspace(0.125, 1.0, 100) 
a = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi,
                100,
                endpoint = False) 
   
# Repeating all angles for every radius 
a = np.repeat(a[..., np.newaxis], 100, axis = 1) 
   
# Creating dataset
x = np.append(0, (r * np.cos(a))) 
y = np.append(0, (r * np.sin(a)))   
z = (np.sin(x ** 4) + np.cos(y ** 4))
   
# Creating figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize =(16, 9)) 
ax = plt.axes(projection ='3d') 
 
# Creating color map
my_cmap = plt.get_cmap('hot')
   
# Creating plot
trisurf = ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z,
                         cmap = my_cmap,
                         linewidth = 0.2,
                         antialiased = True,
                         edgecolor = 'grey') 
fig.colorbar(trisurf, ax = ax, shrink = 0.5, aspect = 5)
ax.set_title('Tri-Surface plot')
 
# Adding labels
ax.set_xlabel('X-axis', fontweight ='bold')
ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis', fontweight ='bold')
ax.set_zlabel('Z-axis', fontweight ='bold')
     
# show plot
plt.show()

输出: