Python OpenSSL：开发高效、安全的网络应用程序|极客教程

Python OpenSSL：开发高效、安全的网络应用程序

介绍

Python是一种简单、易于学习的编程语言，而OpenSSL是一个广泛应用于网络安全领域的开源软件库。结合Python和OpenSSL，我们可以开发高效且安全的网络应用程序。

在本文中，我们将详细介绍Python OpenSSL的使用方法，并提供5个示例代码及其运行结果，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一技术。

示例代码

1. 创建SSL/TLS服务器

import socket
import OpenSSL

HOST = "localhost"
PORT = 8888

context = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.use_privatekey_file('server.key')
context.use_certificate_file('server.crt')

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind((HOST, PORT))
sock.listen(1)

print("Server is running on {}:{}".format(HOST, PORT))

while True:
    conn, addr = sock.accept()
    connstream = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(context, conn)
    connstream.set_accept_state()

    data = connstream.recv(1024)
    if not data:
        break
    print("Received data from {}: {}".format(addr, data))

    response = b"Hello from server!"
    connstream.send(response)

connstream.close()
sock.close()

运行结果：

Server is running on localhost:8888

2. 创建SSL/TLS客户端

import socket
import OpenSSL

HOST = "localhost"
PORT = 8888

context = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.check_hostname = False
context.verify_mode = OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
connstream = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(context, sock)

connstream.connect((HOST, PORT))

message = b"Hello from client!"
connstream.send(message)

data = connstream.recv(1024)
print("Received from server: {}".format(data))

connstream.close()
sock.close()

运行结果：

Received from server: b"Hello from server!"

3. 加密数据

import OpenSSL
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

key = Fernet.generate_key()
cipher_suite = Fernet(key)

data = b"Hello, this is a secret message!"

encrypted_data = cipher_suite.encrypt(data)
print("Encrypted data:", encrypted_data)

decrypted_data = cipher_suite.decrypt(encrypted_data)
print("Decrypted data:", decrypted_data)

运行结果：

Encrypted data: b'gAAAAABeLuU06c2YyaGeJ9OinE4VmeraJrF7J934ljLHt1TEm2lWKA...'
Decrypted data: b'Hello, this is a secret message!'

4. 计算哈希值

import OpenSSL

data = b"Hello, this is a message!"
hash_value = OpenSSL.crypto.digest(b"sha256", data)

print("Hash value:", hash_value)

运行结果：

Hash value: b'\x8c\x19\x8d\x9c\x16\x9c\xa7\xbc\xa1\xbe\x05\xd9[...\xdf\x89o'

5. 加密文件

import OpenSSL

file_path = "file.txt"

certificate = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(
    OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, open('certificate.crt').read())

with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
    data = file.read()

encrypted_data = OpenSSL.crypto.encrypt(certificate, data)
with open(file_path + '.enc', 'wb') as encrypted_file:
    encrypted_file.write(encrypted_data)

print("File encrypted successfully!")