极客教程Python Pandas GroupBy
任何 groupby 操作都涉及到对原始对象的以下操作之一。它们是–
- 分割 对象
-
应用 一个函数
-
合并 结果
在许多情况下，我们把数据分成几组，在每个子集上应用一些功能。In the apply functionality, we can perform the following operations −
- 聚合– 计算一个汇总统计数字
-
转换– 执行一些针对组的操作
-
过滤– 丢弃有某些条件的数据
现在让我们创建一个DataFrame对象，并对其执行所有的操作。
#import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print df
其 输出 情况如下—
Points Rank Team Year
0 876 1 Riders 2014
1 789 2 Riders 2015
2 863 2 Devils 2014
3 673 3 Devils 2015
4 741 3 Kings 2014
5 812 4 kings 2015
6 756 1 Kings 2016
7 788 1 Kings 2017
8 694 2 Riders 2016
9 701 4 Royals 2014
10 804 1 Royals 2015
11 690 2 Riders 2017
将数据分成组
Pandas对象可以被分割成其任何对象。There are multiple ways to split an object like −
- obj.groupby(‘key’)
- obj.groupby([‘key1’, ‘key2’])
- obj.groupby(key,axis=1)
现在让我们看看如何将分组对象应用到DataFrame对象上
实例
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print df.groupby('Team')
其 输出结果 如下 –
<pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x7fa46a977e50>
查看groups
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print df.groupby('Team').groups
其 输出结果 如下 –
{'Kings': Int64Index([4, 6, 7], dtype='int64'),
'Devils': Int64Index([2, 3], dtype='int64'),
'Riders': Int64Index([0, 1, 8, 11], dtype='int64'),
'Royals': Int64Index([9, 10], dtype='int64'),
'kings' : Int64Index([5], dtype='int64')}
例子
多列的 分组
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print df.groupby(['Team','Year']).groups
其 输出结果 如下 –
{('Kings', 2014): Int64Index([4], dtype='int64'),
('Royals', 2014): Int64Index([9], dtype='int64'),
('Riders', 2014): Int64Index([0], dtype='int64'),
('Riders', 2015): Int64Index([1], dtype='int64'),
('Kings', 2016): Int64Index([6], dtype='int64'),
('Riders', 2016): Int64Index([8], dtype='int64'),
('Riders', 2017): Int64Index([11], dtype='int64'),
('Devils', 2014): Int64Index([2], dtype='int64'),
('Devils', 2015): Int64Index([3], dtype='int64'),
('kings', 2015): Int64Index([5], dtype='int64'),
('Royals', 2015): Int64Index([10], dtype='int64'),
('Kings', 2017): Int64Index([7], dtype='int64')}
通过组进行迭代
有了 groupby 对象在手，我们就可以像itertools.obj一样迭代对象。
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')
for name,group in grouped:
print name
print group
其 输出结果 如下 –
2014
Points Rank Team Year
0 876 1 Riders 2014
2 863 2 Devils 2014
4 741 3 Kings 2014
9 701 4 Royals 2014
2015
Points Rank Team Year
1 789 2 Riders 2015
3 673 3 Devils 2015
5 812 4 kings 2015
10 804 1 Royals 2015
2016
Points Rank Team Year
6 756 1 Kings 2016
8 694 2 Riders 2016
2017
Points Rank Team Year
7 788 1 Kings 2017
11 690 2 Riders 2017
默认情况下， groupby 对象的标签名与组名相同。
选择一个组
使用 get_group() 方法，我们可以选择一个单独的组。
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print grouped.get_group(2014)
其 输出结果 如下 –
Points Rank Team Year
0 876 1 Riders 2014
2 863 2 Devils 2014
4 741 3 Kings 2014
9 701 4 Royals 2014
集合
聚合函数为每个组返回一个单一的聚合值。一旦创建了 group by 对象，就可以对分组的数据进行若干聚合操作。
一个明显的操作是通过聚合或类似的 agg 方法进行聚合：
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print grouped['Points'].agg(np.mean)
其 输出结果 如下 –
Year
2014 795.25
2015 769.50
2016 725.00
2017 739.00
Name: Points, dtype: float64
另一种方法是通过应用size()函数来查看每个组的大小。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
Attribute Access in Python Pandas
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
print grouped.agg(np.size)
其 输出结果 如下 –
Points Rank Year
Team
Devils 2 2 2
Kings 3 3 3
Riders 4 4 4
Royals 2 2 2
kings 1 1 1
一次性应用多个聚合功能
通过分组系列，你也可以传递一个 列表 或 函数的口令 来做聚合，并生成DataFrame作为输出。
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
print grouped['Points'].agg([np.sum, np.mean, np.std])
其 输出结果 如下 –
Team sum mean std
Devils 1536 768.000000 134.350288
Kings 2285 761.666667 24.006943
Riders 3049 762.250000 88.567771
Royals 1505 752.500000 72.831998
kings 812 812.000000 NaN
transform
对一个组或一个列的转换会返回一个对象，该对象的索引与被分组的对象的大小相同。因此，转换应该返回一个与组块相同大小的结果。
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
score = lambda x: (x - x.mean()) / x.std()*10
print grouped.transform(score)
其 输出结果 如下 –
Points Rank Year
0 12.843272 -15.000000 -11.618950
1 3.020286 5.000000 -3.872983
2 7.071068 -7.071068 -7.071068
3 -7.071068 7.071068 7.071068
4 -8.608621 11.547005 -10.910895
5 NaN NaN NaN
6 -2.360428 -5.773503 2.182179
7 10.969049 -5.773503 8.728716
8 -7.705963 5.000000 3.872983
9 -7.071068 7.071068 -7.071068
10 7.071068 -7.071068 7.071068
11 -8.157595 5.000000 11.618950
过滤
过滤是根据定义的标准过滤数据并返回数据子集。 filter() 函数是用来过滤数据的。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print df.groupby('Team').filter(lambda x: len(x) >= 3)
其 输出 情况如下—
Points Rank Team Year
0 876 1 Riders 2014
1 789 2 Riders 2015
4 741 3 Kings 2014
6 756 1 Kings 2016
7 788 1 Kings 2017
8 694 2 Riders 2016
11 690 2 Riders 2017
在上述过滤条件中，我们要求退回参加过三次或更多次IPL的球队。