Flask SQLite

Python内置了对 SQlite 的支持。SQlite3模块随着Python发行。有关在Python中使用SQLite数据库的详细教程，请参阅此链接。在本节中，我们将看到Flask应用程序如何与SQLite交互。

在数据库中创建一个名为 ‘database.db’ 的SQLite数据库，并在其中创建一个名为students的表。

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
print "Opened database successfully";

conn.execute('CREATE TABLE students (name TEXT, addr TEXT, city TEXT, pin TEXT)')
print "Table created successfully";
conn.close()

我们的Flask应用程序有三个 View 函数。

首先， new_student() 函数绑定到URL规则 (‘ ‘/addnew”)。它渲染一个包含学生信息表单的HTML文件。

@app.route('/enternew')
def new_student():
   return render_template('student.html')

以下是 ‘student.html’ 的HTML脚本 –

<html>
   <body>
      <form action = "{{ url_for('addrec') }}" method = "POST">
         <h3>Student Information</h3>
         Name<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "nm" /></br>

         Address<br>
         <textarea name = "add" ></textarea><br>

         City<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "city" /><br>

         PINCODE<br>
         <input type = "text" name = "pin" /><br>
         <input type = "submit" value = "submit" /><br>
      </form>
   </body>
</html>

如下所示，表单数据被发布到 ‘/addrec’ URL，该URL绑定了addrec()函数。

这个 addrec() 函数通过 POST 方法检索表单的数据，并插入到students表中。对于插入操作的成功或错误的消息被渲染到 ‘result.html’ 。

@app.route('/addrec',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def addrec():
   if request.method == 'POST':
      try:
         nm = request.form['nm']
         addr = request.form['add']
         city = request.form['city']
         pin = request.form['pin']

         with sql.connect("database.db") as con:
            cur = con.cursor()
            cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name,addr,city,pin) 
               VALUES (?,?,?,?)",(nm,addr,city,pin) )

            con.commit()
            msg = "Record successfully added"
      except:
         con.rollback()
         msg = "error in insert operation"

      finally:
         return render_template("result.html",msg = msg)
         con.close()

下面是 result.html 的HTML脚本，它包含一个转义语句 {{msg}} 用于显示插入操作的结果。

<!doctype html>
<html>
   <body>
      result of addition : {{ msg }}
      <h2><a href = "\">go back to home page</a></h2>
   </body>
</html>

该应用程序包含另一个由URL ‘/list’ 表示的 list() 函数。它以 MultiDict 对象的形式填充了 ‘rows’ 。该对象包含了students表中的所有记录。然后将该对象传递给 list.html 模板。

@app.route('/list')
def list():
   con = sql.connect("database.db")
   con.row_factory = sql.Row

   cur = con.cursor()
   cur.execute("select * from students")

   rows = cur.fetchall(); 
   return render_template("list.html",rows = rows)

这个 list.html 是一个模板，它在行集上进行迭代，并将数据渲染成HTML表格。

<!doctype html>
<html>
   <body>
      <table border = 1>
         <thead>
            <td>Name</td>
            <td>Address>/td<
            <td>city</td>
            <td>Pincode</td>
         </thead>

         {% for row in rows %}
            <tr>
               <td>{{row["name"]}}</td>
               <td>{{row["addr"]}}</td>
               <td> {{ row["city"]}}</td>
               <td>{{row['pin']}}</td>  
            </tr>
         {% endfor %}
      </table>

      <a href = "/">Go back to home page</a>
   </body>
</html>

最后， ‘/’ URL规则呈现了一个 ‘home.html’ ，作为应用程序的入口点。

@app.route('/')
def home():
   return render_template('home.html')

下面是 Flask-SQLite 应用程序的完整代码。

from flask import Flask, render_template, request
import sqlite3 as sql
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
   return render_template('home.html')

@app.route('/enternew')
def new_student():
   return render_template('student.html')

@app.route('/addrec',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def addrec():
   if request.method == 'POST':
      try:
         nm = request.form['nm']
         addr = request.form['add']
         city = request.form['city']
         pin = request.form['pin']

         with sql.connect("database.db") as con:
            cur = con.cursor()

            cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name,addr,city,pin) 
               VALUES (?,?,?,?)",(nm,addr,city,pin) )

            con.commit()
            msg = "Record successfully added"
      except:
         con.rollback()
         msg = "error in insert operation"

      finally:
         return render_template("result.html",msg = msg)
         con.close()

@app.route('/list')
def list():
   con = sql.connect("database.db")
   con.row_factory = sql.Row

   cur = con.cursor()
   cur.execute("select * from students")

   rows = cur.fetchall();
   return render_template("list.html",rows = rows)

if __name__ == '__main__':
   app.run(debug = True)

在Python shell中运行此脚本，并启动开发服务器。在浏览器中访问 http://localhost:5000/ 显示一个简单的菜单，如下所示 –

Flask SQLite