Python 频率分布

在文本处理过程中，经常需要统计一个单词在一段文本中出现的频率。可以通过使用 word_tokenize() 函数并将结果追加到一个列表中来实现对单词计数，如下面的程序所示。

from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import gutenberg

sample = gutenberg.raw("blake-poems.txt")

token = word_tokenize(sample)
wlist = []

for i in range(50):
    wlist.append(token[i])

wordfreq = [wlist.count(w) for w in wlist]
print("Pairs\n" + str(zip(token, wordfreq)))

当我们运行上面的程序时，我们会得到以下输出：

[([', 1), (Poems', 1), (by', 1), (William', 1), (Blake', 1), (1789', 1), (]', 1), (SONGS', 2), (OF', 3), (INNOCENCE', 2), (AND', 1), (OF', 3), (EXPERIENCE', 1), (and', 1), (THE', 1), (BOOK', 1), (of', 2), (THEL', 1), (SONGS', 2), (OF', 3), (INNOCENCE', 2), (INTRODUCTION', 1), (Piping', 2), (down', 1), (the', 1), (valleys', 1), (wild', 1), (,', 3), (Piping', 2), (songs', 1), (of', 2), (pleasant', 1), (glee', 1), (,', 3), (On', 1), (a', 2), (cloud', 1), (I', 1), (saw', 1), (a', 2), (child', 1), (,', 3), (And', 1), (he', 1), (laughing', 1), (said', 1), (to', 1), (me', 1), (:', 1), (``', 1)]

条件频率分布

当我们想要计算满足一组文本中特定条件的单词的数量时，使用条件频率分布。

import nltk
#from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import brown

cfd = nltk.ConditionalFreqDist(
          (genre, word)
          for genre in brown.categories()
          for word in brown.words(categories=genre))
categories = ['hobbies', 'romance','humor']
searchwords = [ 'may', 'might', 'must', 'will']
cfd.tabulate(conditions=categories, samples=searchwords)

当我们运行上面的程序时，我们会得到以下的输出结果 −

may might  must  will 
hobbies   131    22    83   264 
romance    11    51    45    43 
  humor     8     8     9    13