极客教程如何在Ubuntu 16.04上安装和使用Docker
Docker是一个开源项目，它可以在软件容器内自动部署应用程序。容器允许开发者将所有项目资源打包，如库、依赖、资产等。Docker是用 Go编程语言 编写的，由 Dotcloud 开发 。 它基本上是一个容器引擎，使用Linux内核功能，如命名空间和控制组，在操作系统上创建容器，并在容器中自动部署应用程序。
安装Docker
在安装Docker之前，它应该需要更新软件包。要更新软件包，请使用以下命令 —
$ sudo apt-get update
使用下面的命令将Docker官方仓库的GPG密钥添加到系统中–
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
样本输出应该是这样的 –
Executing: /tmp/tmp.akuLSrhQz8/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80
--recv-keys
58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
gpg: requesting key 2C52609D from hkp server p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net
gpg: key 2C52609D: public key "Docker Release Tool (releasedocker) <docker@docker.com>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
To add the Docker repository to APT sources, use the following command –
$ echo "deb <https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo> ubuntu-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
要用新添加的仓库中的Docker包来更新软件包数据库，请使用以下命令
$ sudo apt-get update
确保你即将从Docker仓库而不是默认的Ubuntu仓库进行安装。为了验证这一点，使用下面的命令–
$ apt-cache policy docker-engine
样本输出应该是这样的 –
docker-engine:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1.11.1-0~xenial
Version table:
1.11.1-0~xenial 500
500 <https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo> ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages
1.11.0-0~xenial 500
500 <https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo> ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages
注意，docker-engine没有安装，要安装Docker-engine，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo apt-get install -y docker-engine
样本输出应该是这样的 –
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
apport-hooks-elementary contractor libgda-5.0-4 libgda-5.0-common
libgranite-common libgranite3 libgsignon-glib1 libindicate5 libnoise-core0
libtagc0 mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-engine
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded.
Need to get 14.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 73.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 <http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu> xenial/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1 [92.9 kB]
..............................................................................................
要检查docker是否启动，请使用以下命令 –
$ sudo systemctl status docker
样本输出应该是这样的 –
docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: e
Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-05-23 10:36:08 IST; 5min ago
Docs: <https://docs.docker.com>
Main PID: 14186 (docker)
Tasks: 20 (limit: 512)
Memory: 21.5M
CPU: 385ms
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
├─14186 /usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd://
└─14204 docker-containerd -l /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-con
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.169666150+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.261017824+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.469630404+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.829495384+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.830931516+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831009718+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831055091+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831113464+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.855330148+05:30
要启动Docker服务，请使用下面的命令–
$ sudo service docker start
要查看Docker的所有可用子命令，请使用以下命令—-。
$ docker
样本输出应该是这样的 –
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
docker daemon [ --help | ... ]
docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
--config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, --help Print usage
-l, --log-level=info Set the logging level
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
kill Kill a running container
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
network Manage Docker networks
pause Pause all processes within a container
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop a running container
tag Tag an image into a repository
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within a container
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
volume Manage Docker volumes
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
你可以通过使用带有搜索子命令的docker命令来搜索Docker Hub上可用的镜像。
$ sudo docker search ubuntu
样本输出应该是这样的 –
NAME
AUTOMATED DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 3953 [OK]
ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 62 [OK]
rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd
[OK] Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 26
torusware/speedus-ubuntu
[OK] Always updated official Ubuntu docker imag... 26
ubuntu-debootstrap
[OK] debootstrap --variant=minbase --components... 24 [OK]
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp
[OK] LAMP server on Ubuntu 6 [OK]
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp-wordpress
[OK] LAMP on Ubuntu with wp-cli installed 5 [OK]
nuagebec/ubuntu
[OK] Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images... 4
nimmis/ubuntu
[OK] This is a docker images different LTS vers... 4
maxexcloo/ubuntu
[OK] Docker base image built on Ubuntu with Sup... 2
partlab/ubuntu
[OK] Simple Ubuntu docker images. 1
darksheer/ubuntu
[OK] Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly 1
admiringworm/ubuntu
[OK] Base ubuntu images based on the official u... 1
jordi/ubuntu
[OK] UbuntuBase Image 1
webhippie/ubuntu
[OK] Docker images for ubuntu 0
teamrock/ubuntu TeamRock's
[OK] Ubuntu image configured with AW... 0
esycat/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu LTS 0
life360/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 0
widerplan/ubuntu
[OK] Our basic Ubuntu images. 0
konstruktoid/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu base image 0
lynxtp/ubuntu
[OK] <https://github.com/lynxtp/docker-ubuntu> 0
datenbetrieb/ubuntu
[OK] custom flavor of the official ubuntu base ... 0
ustclug/ubuntu
[OK] ubuntu image for docker with USTC mirror 0
uvatbc/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu images with unprivileged user 0
rallias/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu with the needful 0
To see the images that have been downloaded to your computer, use the following command –
$ sudo docker images
样本输出应该是这样的-
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest 94df4f0ce8a4 3 weeks ago 967 B
要运行Docker容器，请使用以下命令—-。
$ sudo docker run -it hello-world
上述命令运行hello-word容器。样本输出应该是这样的 –
Hello from Docker.
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker Hub account:
<https://hub.docker.com>
For more examples and ideas, visit:
<https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/>
要列出Docker容器，请使用以下命令 —
$ sudo docker ps
样本输出应该是这样的 –
CONTAINER ID PORTS IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS NAMES
f7c79cc556dd ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours silly_spence
在这篇文章之后，你将能够理解–如何在Ubuntu 16.04上安装和使用Docker，我们将提出更多基于Linux的技巧和提示。继续阅读!