极客教程SQLite Java接口
在本章中，您将学习如何在Java程序中使用SQLite。
安装
在开始使用SQLite之前，您需要确保在计算机上安装了SQLite JDBC驱动程序和Java。您可以查看Java教程以了解如何安装Java。现在，让我们来看看如何设置SQLite JDBC驱动程序。
- 从sqlite-jdbc存储库下载最新版本的sqlite-jdbc-(版本).jar。
-
将下载的jar文件sqlite-jdbc-(版本).jar添加到类路径中，或者您可以在以下示例中使用-classpath选项与其一起使用。
以下部分假设您对Java JDBC概念有一些了解。如果您不了解，请花费半小时阅读JDBC教程以熟悉下面解释的概念。
连接到数据库
以下Java程序展示了如何连接到现有数据库。如果数据库不存在，则会创建数据库并最终返回数据库对象。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
}
}
现在，让我们编译并运行上面的程序，在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 test.db . 您可以根据您的需求更改路径。我们假设JDBC驱动程序的当前版本 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar 在当前路径中可用。
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Open database successfully
如果你要使用Windows机器，则可以按照以下方式编译和运行代码−
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Opened database successfully
创建表格
以下Java程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
"(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
" NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " +
" AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
" ADDRESS CHAR(50), " +
" SALARY REAL)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Table created successfully");
}
}
当以上程序被编译和执行时，它将在您的 test.db 中创建一个名为COMPANY的表，最后文件的列表如下所示：
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1506 May 8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 832 May 8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3072 May 8 05:43 test.db
插入操作
以下Java程序演示了如何在上述示例中创建COMPANY表中的记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.commit();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Records created successfully");
}
}
当上述程序被编译和执行时，它将在COMPANY表中创建给定的记录，并显示以下两行 –
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
SELECT操作
以下Java程序展示了如何从上面示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当上面的程序被编译和执行时，它将产生以下结果。
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
更新操作
下面的Java代码演示了如何使用UPDATE语句更新任意记录，然后从COMPANY表中获取和显示更新后的记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当以上程序被编译并执行时，将会产生以下结果。
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
删除操作
以下Java代码展示了如何使用DELETE语句删除任意记录，并从我们的公司表中获取和显示剩余的记录。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
当上述程序被编译和执行时，将会产生以下结果。
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully