Python SQLite Order By

当使用SELECT查询获取数据时，你将按照插入记录的相同顺序得到记录。

你可以使用 Order By 子句将结果按需要的顺序排序（升序或降序）。默认情况下，该子句以升序排列结果，如果你需要以降序排列，你需要明确使用 “DESC”。

语法

以下是SQLite中ORDER BY子句的语法。

SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

例子

假设我们使用以下查询创建了一个名为CRICKETERS的表-

sqlite> CREATE TABLE CRICKETERS (
   First_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Last_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Age int,
   Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255),
   Country VARCHAR(255)
);
sqlite>

And if we have inserted 5 records in to it using INSERT statements as −

sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 33, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Jonathan', 'Trott', 38, 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Kumara', 'Sangakkara', 41, 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Virat', 'Kohli', 30, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Rohit', 'Sharma', 32, 'Nagpur', 'India');
sqlite>

下面的SELECT语句按照年龄的升序检索CRICKETERS表中的行-

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
sqlite>

你可以使用一个以上的列来对表的记录进行排序。下面的SELECT语句根据 AGE 和 FIRST_NAME 这两列对CRICKETERS表的记录进行排序。

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE, FIRST_NAME;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
sqlite>

默认情况下， ORDER BY 子句将表的记录按升序排序，你可以用DESC作为–将结果按降序排列。

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE DESC;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
sqlite>

使用python的ORDER BY子句

为了按照特定的顺序检索表的内容，在游标对象上调用execute()方法，并将SELECT语句和ORDER BY子句作为参数传递给它。

例子

在下面的例子中，我们创建了一个带有姓名和雇员的表，填充了它，并使用ORDER BY子句按照年龄的（升序）顺序检索其记录。

import psycopg2

#establishing the connection
conn = psycopg2.connect(
   database="mydb", user='postgres', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', port= '5432'
)
#Setting auto commit false
conn.autocommit = True

#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()

#Doping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")

#Creating a table
sql = '''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
   AGE INT, SEX CHAR(1),
   INCOME INT,
   CONTACT INT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)

#Populating the table
#Populating the table
cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE
   (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME) VALUES 
   ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000),
   ('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000), 
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300), 
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000)''')
conn.commit()

#Retrieving specific records using the ORDER BY clause
cursor.execute("SELECT * from EMPLOYEE ORDER BY AGE")
print(cursor.fetchall())

#Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()

#Closing the connection
conn.close()

输出

[('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000, None),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000, None),
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300, None),
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000, None),
   ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000, None)]