MongoDB Java客户端
在本章中,我们将学习如何设置MongoDB客户端。
安装
在你开始使用MongoDB编写Java程序之前,你需要确保在机器上安装了MongoDB客户端和Java。你可以查看Java教程来安装Java。现在,让我们来看看如何设置MongoDB客户端。
- 你需要下载jar包 mongodb-driver-3.11.2.jar以及它的依赖mongodb-driver-core-3.11.2.jar。 请确保下载最新版本的这些jar文件。
-
你需要将下载的jar文件包含在你的类路径中。
连接到数据库
要连接数据库,你需要指定数据库名称,如果数据库不存在,则MongoDB会自动创建它。
以下是连接到数据库的代码片段示例 −
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class ConnectToDB {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
System.out.println("Credentials ::"+ credential);
}
}
现在,让我们编译和运行上面的程序来创建我们的数据库myDb,如下所示。
$javac ConnectToDB.java
$java ConnectToDB
在执行时,上面的程序会给出以下输出。
Connected to the database successfully
Credentials ::MongoCredential{
mechanism = null,
userName = 'sampleUser',
source = 'myDb',
password = <hidden>,
mechanismProperties = {}
}
创建一个集合
要创建一个集合,需要使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase 类的 createCollection() 方法。
下面是创建集合的代码段:
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class CreatingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
//Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
//Creating a collection
database.createCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
}
}
在编译上述程序时,您会得到以下结果−。
Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully
获取/选择集合
要从数据库中获取/选择集合, 使用 getCollection() 方法来自于 com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase 类。
以下是获取/选择集合的程序示例:
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class selectingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Creating a collection
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("myCollection");
System.out.println("Collection myCollection selected successfully");
}
}
编译后,上述程序给出以下结果−
Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully
Collection myCollection selected successfully
插入文档
要将文档插入MongoDB,使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 类的 insert() 方法。
下面是插入文档的代码片段:
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
public class InsertingDocument {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Creating a collection
database.createCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");
Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 100)
.append("url", "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/")
.append("by", "tutorials point");
//Inserting document into the collection
collection.insertOne(document);
System.out.println("Document inserted successfully");
}
编译上面的程序,将得到以下结果−
Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Document inserted successfully
检索所有文档
要从集合中选择所有文档,使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 类的 find() 方法。该方法返回一个游标,因此需要遍历该游标。
以下是选择所有文档的程序示例:
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class RetrievingAllDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb", "password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");
Document document1 = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 100)
.append("url", "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/")
.append("by", "tutorials point");
Document document2 = new Document("title", "RethinkDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 200)
.append("url", "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/rethinkdb/")
.append("by", "tutorials point");
List<Document> list = new ArrayList<Document>();
list.add(document1);
list.add(document2);
collection.insertMany(list);
// Getting the iterable object
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// Getting the iterator
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}
编译上述程序后,会给您以下结果:
Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b2, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=100, url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/, by=tutorials point}}
Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com/rethinkdb/, by=tutorials point}}
更新文档
要从集合中更新文档,需要使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 类中的 updateOne() 方法。
以下是选择第一个文档的程序:
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class UpdatingDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection myCollection selected successfully");
collection.updateOne(Filters.eq("title", 1), Updates.set("likes", 150));
System.out.println("Document update successfully...");
// Retrieving the documents after updation
// Getting the iterable object
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// Getting the iterator
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}
在编译时,上述程序将给出以下结果 –
Connected to the database successfully
Collection myCollection selected successfully
Document update successfully...
Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b2, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=100, url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/, by=tutorials point}}
Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com/rethinkdb/, by=tutorials point}}
删除文档
要从集合中删除文档,您需要使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 类的 deleteOne() 方法。
以下是删除文档的程序示例:
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class DeletingDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");
// Deleting the documents
collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"));
System.out.println("Document deleted successfully...");
// Retrieving the documents after updation
// Getting the iterable object
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// Getting the iterator
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}
在编译时,上述程序会给出以下结果 −
Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Document deleted successfully...
Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com/rethinkdb/, by=tutorials point}}
删除集合
要从数据库中删除集合,您需要使用 drop() 方法,该方法属于 com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 类。
以下是删除集合的程序示例 –
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class DropingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// Creating a collection
System.out.println("Collections created successfully");
// Retrieving a collection
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
// Dropping a Collection
collection.drop();
System.out.println("Collection dropped successfully");
}
}
编译上述程序后,将得到以下结果−
Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Collection dropped successfully
列出所有集合
要列出数据库中的所有集合,您需要使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase 类的 listCollectionNames() 方法。
以下是列出数据库中所有集合的程序:
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class ListOfCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// Creating a Mongo client
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// Creating Credentials
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");
// Accessing the database
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
}
在编译时,上述程序给出以下结果−
Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully
myCollection
myCollection1
myCollection5
保留的MongoDB方法 save(),limit(),skip(),sort() 等等和之后的教程中解释的一样。