public class FullScreenDialog extends Dialog {

    public FullScreenDialog(@NonNull Context context) {
        super(context, android.R.style.Theme_Black_NoTitleBar_Fullscreen);
        setContentView(R.layout.dialog_full_screen);
    }
}

public class FullScreenDialogBackground extends View {

    private Paint mBackgroundPaint;

    public FullScreenDialogBackground(Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public FullScreenDialogBackground(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public FullScreenDialogBackground(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mBackgroundPaint = new Paint();
        mBackgroundPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        canvas.drawPaint(mBackgroundPaint);
    }
}

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.FullScreenDialogBackground
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <!-- 其他布局元素 -->

</RelativeLayout>

private void animateDialog() {
    ObjectAnimator alphaInAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(getWindow().getDecorView(), "alpha", 0f, 1f);
    alphaInAnimator.setDuration(300);

    ObjectAnimator alphaOutAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(getWindow().getDecorView(), "alpha", 1f, 0f);
    alphaOutAnimator.setDuration(300);

    AnimatorSet animatorSet = new AnimatorSet();
    animatorSet.playSequentially(alphaInAnimator, alphaOutAnimator);
    animatorSet.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
        @Override
        public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
            dismiss();
        }
    });

    animatorSet.start();
}

@Override
public void show() {
    super.show();
    animateDialog();
}

FullScreenDialog dialog = new FullScreenDialog(MainActivity.this);
dialog.show();