Vulkan 逻辑设备与队列

Vulkan 逻辑设备与队列,在选择要使用的物理设备之后,我们需要设置一个逻辑设备用于交互。逻辑设备创建过程与instance创建过程类似,也需要描述我们需要使用的功能。因为我们已经查询过哪些队列簇可用,在这里需要进一步为逻辑设备创建具体类型的命令队列。如果有不同的需求,也可以基于同一个物理设备创建多个逻辑设备。
Vulkan 逻辑设备与队列
首先添加一个新的类成员来存储逻辑设备句柄。

VkDevice device;

接下来创建一个新的函数createLogicalDevice,并在initVulkan函数中调用,以创建逻辑设备。

void initVulkan() {
    createInstance();
    setupDebugCallback();
    pickPhysicalDevice();
    createLogicalDevice();
}

void createLogicalDevice() {

}

指定创建的队列

创建逻辑设备需要在结构体中明确具体的信息,首先第一个结构体VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo。这个结构体描述队列簇中预要申请使用的队列数量。现在我们仅关心具备图形能力的队列。

QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = indices.graphicsFamily;
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

当前可用的驱动程序所提供的队列簇只允许创建少量的队列,并且很多时候没有必要创建多个队列。这是因为可以在多个线程上创建所有命令缓冲区,然后在主线程一次性的以较低开销的调用提交队列。

Vulkan允许使用0.0到1.0之间的浮点数分配队列优先级来影响命令缓冲区执行的调用。即使只有一个队列也是必须的:

float queuePriority = 1.0f;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

指定使用的设备特性

下一个要明确的信息有关设备要使用的功能特性。这些是我们在上一节中用vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures查询支持的功能,比如geometry shaders。现在我们不需要任何特殊的功能,所以我们可以简单的定义它并将所有内容保留到VK_FALSE。一旦我们要开始用Vulkan做更多的事情,我们会回到这个结构体,进一步设置。

VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};

创建逻辑设备

使用前面的两个结构体,我们可以填充VkDeviceCreateInfo结构。

VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

首先添加指向队列创建信息的结构体和设备功能结构体:

createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;

createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

结构体其余的部分与VkInstanceCreateInfo相似,需要指定扩展和validation layers,总而言之这次不同之处是为具体的设备设置信息。

设置具体扩展的一个案例是VK_KHR_swapchain,它允许将来自设备的渲染图形呈现到Windows。系统中的Vulkan设备可能缺少该功能,例如仅仅支持计算操作。我们将在交换链章节中展开这个扩展。

就像之前validation layers小节中提到的,允许为instance开启validation layers,现在我们将为设备开启validation layers,而不需要为设备指定任何扩展。

createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;

if (enableValidationLayers) {
    createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
    createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
} else {
    createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}

就这样,我们现在可以通过调用vkCreateDevice函数来创建实例化逻辑设备。

if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}

这些参数分别是包含具体队列使用信息的物理设备,可选的分配器回调指针以及用于存储逻辑设备的句柄。与instance创建类似,此调用可能由于启用不存在的扩展或者指定不支持的功能,导致返回错误。

cleanup函数中逻辑设备需要调用vkDestroyDevice销毁:

void cleanup() {
    vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
    ...
}

逻辑设备不与instance交互,所以参数中不包含instance

检索队列处理

这些队列与逻辑设备自动的一同创建,但是我们还没有一个与它们进行交互的句柄。在这里添加一个新的类成员来存储图形队列句柄:

VkQueue graphicsQueue;

设备队列在设备被销毁的时候隐式清理,所以我们不需要在cleanup函数中做任何操作。

我们可以使用vkGetDeviceQueue函数来检测每个队列簇中队列的句柄。参数是逻辑设备,队列簇,队列索引和存储获取队列变量句柄的指针。因为我们只是从这个队列簇创建一个队列,所以需要使用索引 0

vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily, 0, &graphicsQueue);

在成功获取逻辑设备和队列句柄后,我们可以通过显卡做一些实际的事情了,在接下来的几章节中,我们会设置资源并将相应的结果提交到窗体系统。

源代码

// logical_device.cpp
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <optional>

const int WIDTH = 800;
const int HEIGHT = 600;

const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
    "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
};

#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif

VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) {
    auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
    if (func != nullptr) {
        return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
    } else {
        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
    }
}

void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
    auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
    if (func != nullptr) {
        func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
    }
}

struct QueueFamilyIndices {
    std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;

    bool isComplete() {
        return graphicsFamily.has_value();
    }
};

class HelloTriangleApplication {
public:
    void run() {
        initWindow();
        initVulkan();
        mainLoop();
        cleanup();
    }

private:
    GLFWwindow* window;

    VkInstance instance;
    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;

    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDevice device;

    VkQueue graphicsQueue;

    void initWindow() {
        glfwInit();

        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

        window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
    }

    void initVulkan() {
        createInstance();
        setupDebugMessenger();
        pickPhysicalDevice();
        createLogicalDevice();
    }

    void mainLoop() {
        while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
            glfwPollEvents();
        }
    }

    void cleanup() {
        vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
        }

        vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

        glfwDestroyWindow(window);

        glfwTerminate();
    }

    void createInstance() {
        if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
            throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
        }

        VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
        appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
        appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
        appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
        appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

        VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

        auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo;
        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

            populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
            createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*) &debugCreateInfo;
        } else {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;

            createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        }

        if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
        }
    }

    void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& createInfo) {
        createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
        createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
        createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
        createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
    }

    void setupDebugMessenger() {
        if (!enableValidationLayers) return;

        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo;
        populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);

        if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
        }
    }

    void pickPhysicalDevice() {
        uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

        if (deviceCount == 0) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
        }

        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

        for (const auto& device : devices) {
            if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
                physicalDevice = device;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
        }
    }

    void createLogicalDevice() {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

        VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
        queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
        queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = indices.graphicsFamily.value();
        queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
        queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};

        VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

        createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;
        createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;

        createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
        } else {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        }

        if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
        }

        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
    }

    bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

        return indices.isComplete();
    }

    QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices;

        uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

        int i = 0;
        for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
            if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
                indices.graphicsFamily = i;
            }

            if (indices.isComplete()) {
                break;
            }

            i++;
        }

        return indices;
    }

    std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
        uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
        const char** glfwExtensions;
        glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

        std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
        }

        return extensions;
    }

    bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
        uint32_t layerCount;
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

        for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
            bool layerFound = false;

            for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
                if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
                    layerFound = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!layerFound) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) {
        std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;

        return VK_FALSE;
    }
};

int main() {
    HelloTriangleApplication app;

    try {
        app.run();
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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