SQLite 语法

SQLite遵循一组称为语法的规则和准则。本章列出了所有基本的SQLite语法。

大小写敏感性

需要注意的重要一点是SQLite是不区分大小写的，即在SQLite语句中，诸如 GLOB 和 glob 的条件具有相同的含义。

注释

SQLite注释是可在SQLite代码中添加的额外注释，以增加其可读性。它们可以出现在任何地方；包括表达式中的空格以及其他SQL语句的中间位置，但不能嵌套。

SQL注释以连续两个”-“字符（ASCII 0x2d）开始，并延伸到包括下一个换行符（ASCII 0x0a）或输入结束，以先到者为准。

您还可以使用C风格注释，以”/“开始，并延伸到包括下一个”/”字符对或输入结束，以先到者为准。 C风格注释可以跨多行。

sqlite> .help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite 语句

所有的SQLite语句都以关键字SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP等开头，并且所有语句都以分号（;）结尾。

SQLite ANALYZE语句

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE语句

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE语句（重命名）

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE语句

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT语句

COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX语句

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite创建唯一索引语句

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite创建表语句

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER语句

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

SQLite创建视图语句

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
SELECT statement....;

SQLite创建虚拟表语句

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION语句

COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT语句

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE语句

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE语句

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT语句

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX语句

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE语句

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW语句

DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER语句

DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

SQLite EXISTS语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN语句

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 语句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING语句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite插入语句

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA语句

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句

RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX语句

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 语句

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT语句

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

SQLite UPDATE语句

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM语句

VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;