Spring BindingResult 教程展示了如何使用 BindingResult 来获取验证结果。
Spring 是用于创建企业应用的流行 Java 应用框架。
BindingResult
BindingResult
保存验证和绑定的结果,并包含可能发生的错误。 BindingResult
必须紧随经过验证的模型对象之后,否则 Spring 无法验证该对象并引发异常。
Spring BindingResult
示例
以下应用验证用户表单,并使用 BindingResult 存储验证结果。
pom.xml
src
├───main
│ ├───java
│ │ └───com
│ │ └───zetcode
│ │ ├───config
│ │ │ MyWebInitializer.java
│ │ │ WebConfig.java
│ │ ├───controller
│ │ │ MyController.java
│ │ └───form
│ │ UserForm.java
│ └───resources
│ └───templates
│ form.html
│ showInfo.html
└───test
└───java
这是项目结构。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
<artifactId>bindingresultex</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<spring-version>5.1.3.RELEASE</spring-version>
<thymeleaf-version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.10.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>{thymeleaf-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>{thymeleaf-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.4.14.v20181114</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在pom.xml
文件中,我们具有项目依赖项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.10.Final</version>
</dependency>
我们使用hibernate-validator
进行验证。
com/zetcode/config/MyWebInitializer.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
@Configuration
public class MyWebInitializer extends
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
MyWebInitializer
初始化 Spring Web 应用。 它包含一个配置类:WebConfig
。
com/zetcode/config/WebConfig.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewResolverRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.zetcode"})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Bean
public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver() {
var templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
templateResolver.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
return templateResolver;
}
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {
var templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());
templateEngine.setEnableSpringELCompiler(true);
return templateEngine;
}
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
var resolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
var registry = new ViewResolverRegistry(null, applicationContext);
resolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());
registry.viewResolver(resolver);
return resolver;
}
}
WebConfig
配置 Thymeleaf 模板引擎。 Thymeleaf 模板文件位于类路径的templates
子目录中。
com/zetcode/form/UserForm.java
package com.zetcode.form;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
public class UserForm {
@NotBlank
@Size(min=2)
private String name;
@NotBlank
@Email
private String email;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
这是一个表单 bean。 它包含一些验证注释。
@NotBlank
@Size(min=2)
private String name;
name 属性不能为空,并且必须至少包含 2 个字符。
@NotBlank
@Email
private String email;
email 属性不能为空,并且必须是格式正确的电子邮件。
com/zetcode/controller/MyController.java
package com.zetcode.controller;
import com.zetcode.form.UserForm;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
import javax.validation.Valid;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@GetMapping(value = "/")
public String form(UserForm userForm) {
return "form";
}
@PostMapping("/")
public String checkForm(@Valid UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult,
RedirectAttributes atts) {
if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
return "form";
}
atts.addAttribute("name", userForm.getName());
atts.addAttribute("email", userForm.getEmail());
return "redirect:/showInfo";
}
@GetMapping("/showInfo")
public String showInfo(@ModelAttribute("name") String name,
@ModelAttribute("email") String email) {
return "showInfo";
}
}
MyController
包含请求路径到处理程序方法的映射。
@GetMapping(value = "/")
public String form(UserForm userForm) {
return "form";
}
主页返回一个包含表单的视图。 UserForm
bean 正在支持表单。 它将使用来自表单的数据进行填充。
@PostMapping("/")
public String checkForm(@Valid UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult,
RedirectAttributes atts) {
...
我们用@Valid
验证UserForm
bean。 验证结果存储在BindingResult
中。
if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
return "form";
}
如果绑定结果包含错误,我们将返回表格。
atts.addAttribute("name", userForm.getName());
atts.addAttribute("email", userForm.getEmail());
return "redirect:/showInfo";
遵循发布后重定向模式,成功验证后,我们将重定向到showInfo
视图。 为了不丢失输入,我们将它们存储在RedirectAttributes
中。
@GetMapping("/showInfo")
public String showInfo(@ModelAttribute("name") String name,
@ModelAttribute("email") String email) {
return "showInfo";
}
@ModelAttribute
将请求属性 nad 放入模型对象,然后将其发送到showInfo
视图。
resources/templates/form.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>User form</title>
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/semantic.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<section class="ui container">
<form action="#" class="ui form" th:action="@{/}" th:object="{userForm}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Name:</label>
<input type="text" th:field="*{name}">
<span th:if="{#fields.hasErrors('name')}" th:errors="*{name}">Name Error</span>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Email:</label>
<input type="text" th:field="*{email}">
<span th:if="${#fields.hasErrors('email')}" th:errors="*{email}">Email Error</span>
</div>
<button class="ui button" type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</section>
</body>
</html>
根页面包含表单。
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/semantic.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
表单使用语义 UI 设置样式。
<form action="#" class="ui form" th:action="@{/}" th:object="${userForm}" method="post">
th:object
引用用户表单 bean。 这不是一个类名,而是一个 Spring bean 名称。 因此它是小写的。
<input type="text" th:field="*{name}">
输入被映射到userForm
的name
属性。
<span th:if="${#fields.hasErrors('name')}" th:errors="*{name}">Name Error</span>
此行显示可能的验证错误。
resources/templates/showInfo.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Show info</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Successfully added user <span th:text="{name}" th:remove="tag"></span> with email
<span th:text="{email}" th:remove="tag"></span>
</p>
</body>
</html>
此视图显示输入的信息。
在本教程中,我们在验证表单时使用了BindingResult
。