Python 字符串开头或结尾匹配

>>> filename = 'spam.txt'
>>> filename.endswith('.txt')
True
>>> filename.startswith('file:')
False
>>> url = 'http://www.python.org'
>>> url.startswith('http:')
True
>>>

>>> import os
>>> filenames = os.listdir('.')
>>> filenames
[ 'Makefile', 'foo.c', 'bar.py', 'spam.c', 'spam.h' ]
>>> [name for name in filenames if name.endswith(('.c', '.h')) ]
['foo.c', 'spam.c', 'spam.h'
>>> any(name.endswith('.py') for name in filenames)
True
>>>

from urllib.request import urlopen

def read_data(name):
    if name.startswith(('http:', 'https:', 'ftp:')):
        return urlopen(name).read()
    else:
        with open(name) as f:
            return f.read()

>>> choices = ['http:', 'ftp:']
>>> url = 'http://www.python.org'
>>> url.startswith(choices)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: startswith first arg must be str or a tuple of str, not list
>>> url.startswith(tuple(choices))
True
>>>

>>> filename = 'spam.txt'
>>> filename[-4:] == '.txt'
True
>>> url = 'http://www.python.org'
>>> url[:5] == 'http:' or url[:6] == 'https:' or url[:4] == 'ftp:'
True
>>>

>>> import re
>>> url = 'http://www.python.org'
>>> re.match('http:|https:|ftp:', url)
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x101253098>
>>>

if any(name.endswith(('.c', '.h')) for name in listdir(dirname)):
...