my_num = int(input("输入一个数字.. "))
my_dict = dict()
for elem in range(1,my_num+1):
    my_dict[elem] = elem*elem
print("字典生成的元素为: ")
print(my_dict)

输入一个数字.. 7

字典生成的元素为:
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49}