Java Hashtable putIfAbsent()方法及示例

Java Hashtable putIfAbsent()方法及示例

HashTable类的 putIfAbsent(Key, value) 方法允许将一个值映射到一个给定的键上,如果给定的键没有与一个值相关联或者被映射为空。如果HashMap中已经存在这样的键值集,则返回一个空值。

语法

public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value)

参数: 该方法接受两个参数。

  • key : 如果key不与任何值相关联,则指定值将被映射到该键上。
  • value :指定将被映射到指定的键的值。

返回: 该方法返回 映射到键的现有值, 如果以前没有值映射到该键, 则返回null

异常: 这个方法会抛出。

  • NullPointerException :当指定参数为空时。

下面的程序说明了putIfAbsent(Key, value)方法。

程序1 :

// Java program to demonstrate
// putIfAbsent(key, value) method.
  
import java.util.*;
  
public class GFG {
  
    // Main method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
  
        // create a table and add some values
        Map<String, Integer>
            table = new Hashtable<>();
  
        table.put("Pen", 10);
        table.put("Book", 500);
        table.put("Clothes", 400);
        table.put("Mobile", 5000);
  
        // print map details
        System.out.println("hashTable: "
                           + table.toString());
  
        // Inserting non-existing key with value
        // using putIfAbsent method
        String retValue
            = String.valueOf(table
                                 .putIfAbsent("Booklet", 2500));
  
        // Print the returned value
        System.out.println("Returned value "
                           + "for Key 'Booklet' is: "
                           + retValue);
  
        // print new mapping
        System.out.println("hashTable: "
                           + table);
  
        // Inserting existing key with value
        // using putIfAbsent method
        retValue
            = String.valueOf(table
                                 .putIfAbsent("Book", 4500));
  
        // Print the returned value
        System.out.println("Returned value"
                           + " for key 'Book' is: "
                           + retValue);
  
        // print new mapping
        System.out.println("hashTable: "
                           + table);
    }
}

输出。

hashTable: {Book=500, Mobile=5000, Pen=10, Clothes=400}
Returned value for Key 'Booklet' is: null
hashTable: {Book=500, Mobile=5000, Pen=10, Clothes=400, Booklet=2500}
Returned value for key 'Book' is: 500
hashTable: {Book=500, Mobile=5000, Pen=10, Clothes=400, Booklet=2500}

程序2: 显示NullPointerException

// Java program to demonstrate
// putIfAbsent(key, value) method.
  
import java.util.*;
  
public class GFG {
  
    // Main method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
  
        // create a table and add some values
        Map<Integer, String>
            table = new Hashtable<>();
  
        table.put(1, "100RS");
        table.put(2, "500RS");
        table.put(3, "1000RS");
  
        // print map details
        System.out.println("hashTable: "
                           + table.toString());
  
        try {
  
            table.putIfAbsent(null, "8");
        }
        catch (NullPointerException e) {
  
            System.out.println("Exception: " + e);
        }
    }
}

输出。

hashTable: {3=1000RS, 2=500RS, 1=100RS}
Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException

参考文献: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Hashtable.html#putIfAbsent-K-V-

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