Java 发送邮件
使用Java应用程序发送电子邮件相当简单,但首先您应该在计算机上安装 JavaMail API 和 Java Activation Framework (JAF) 。
- 您可以从Java的标准网站下载最新版本的JavaMail (Version 1.2)。
-
您可以从Java的标准网站下载最新版本的JAF (Version 1.1.1)。
下载并解压这些文件,在新创建的顶级目录中,您将找到这两个应用程序的许多jar文件。您需要将 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 文件添加到您的CLASSPATH中。
发送简单的电子邮件
下面是一个从您的计算机发送简单电子邮件的示例。假设您的 本地主机 已连接到互联网,并且能够发送电子邮件。
示例
// File Name SendEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Now set the actual message
message.setText("This is actual message");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送简单的电子邮件−
输出
$ java SendEmail
Sent message successfully....
如果您想发送电子邮件给多个收件人,则可以使用以下方法来指定多个电子邮件地址:
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses)
throws MessagingException
这是关于参数的描述:
- type - 这个参数可以设置为TO、CC或者BCC。这里CC表示抄送,BCC表示密送。示例:Message.RecipientType.TO
-
addresses - 这是一个包含电子邮件ID的数组。在指定电子邮件ID时,您需要使用InternetAddress()方法。
发送HTML电子邮件
这是从您的计算机发送HTML电子邮件的示例。假设您的 localhost 已连接到互联网并具备发送电子邮件的能力。
这个示例与前面的示例非常相似,只是这里我们使用setContent()方法来设置内容,其第二个参数是”text/html”,用于指定消息中包含HTML内容。
使用这个示例,您可以发送任意大小的HTML内容。
示例
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendHTMLEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件−
输出
$ java SendHTMLEmail
Sent message successfully....
发送附件的电子邮件
这是一个示例,用于从您的计算机发送带有附件的电子邮件。这里假设您的 localhost 连接到互联网,并且具备足够的能力发送电子邮件。
示例
// File Name SendFileEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendFileEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Create the message part
BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// Fill the message
messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
// Create a multipar message
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// Set text message part
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Part two is attachment
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Send the complete message parts
message.setContent(multipart );
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件 −
输出
$ java SendFileEmail
Sent message successfully....
用户身份验证部分
如果需要提供用户ID和密码用于电子邮件服务器的身份验证目的,则可以将这些属性设置如下 –
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其余的电子邮件发送机制将保持如上所述。