用C++编写简单的赛车游戏代码
如果你在处理视觉问题,编写游戏需要一些扎实的编程技巧,以及对一些API的强烈掌握,如OpenGL和DirectX。对于C++程序员来说,有一些游戏引擎可以让这个过程变得简单明了。
必要的头文件
dos.h是一个C语言头文件。这个库包括处理中断、发出声音、处理日期和时间等的程序。它是Borland独有的,与Turbo C Compiler等编译器一起发挥作用。
当<windows.h>头文件被用来访问Win32 API方法时,用户使用内置功能会更简单。如果内置功能被利用或包含在主文件中,则在源代码中使用Win32可执行文件。库和<stdio.h>或<stdlib.h>等库中使用的函数被专门包含在头文件中。它使用了各种组件,除了宏的功能外,还能对库中的项目进行修改、扩展和替换。能够在Windows内核中包含C库函数的字符串函数利用UNICODE。
用C++编写的赛车游戏程序
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 90
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 26
#define WIN_WIDTH 70
using namespace std;
HANDLE console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
COORD CursorPosition;
int enemyY[3];
int enemyX[3];
int enemyFlag[3];
char car[4][4] = { ' ','±','±',' ',
'±','±','±','±',
' ','±','±',' ',
'±','±','±','±' };
int carPos = WIN_WIDTH/2;
int score = 0;
void gotoxy(int x, int y){
CursorPosition.X = x;
CursorPosition.Y = y;
SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, CursorPosition);
}
void setcursor(bool visible, DWORD size) {
if(size == 0)
size = 20;
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO lpCursor;
lpCursor.bVisible = visible;
lpCursor.dwSize = size;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(console,&lpCursor);
}
void drawBorder(){
for(int i=0; i<SCREEN_HEIGHT; i++){
for(int j=0; j<17; j++){
gotoxy(0+j,i); cout<<"±";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH-j,i); cout<<"±";
}
}
for(int i=0; i<SCREEN_HEIGHT; i++){
gotoxy(SCREEN_WIDTH,i); cout<<"±";
}
}
void genEnemy(int ind){
enemyX[ind] = 17 + rand()%(33);
}
void drawEnemy(int ind){
if( enemyFlag[ind] == true ){
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]); cout<<"****";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+1); cout<<" ** ";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+2); cout<<"****";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+3); cout<<" ** ";
}
}
void eraseEnemy(int ind){
if( enemyFlag[ind] == true ){
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]); cout<<" ";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+1); cout<<" ";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+2); cout<<" ";
gotoxy(enemyX[ind], enemyY[ind]+3); cout<<" ";
}
}
void resetEnemy(int ind){
eraseEnemy(ind);
enemyY[ind] = 1;
genEnemy(ind);
}
void drawCar(){
for(int i=0; i<4; i++){
for(int j=0; j<4; j++){
gotoxy(j+carPos, i+22); cout<<car[i][j];
}
}
}
void eraseCar(){
for(int i=0; i<4; i++){
for(int j=0; j<4; j++){
gotoxy(j+carPos, i+22); cout<<" ";
}
}
}
int collision(){
if( enemyY[0]+4 >= 23 ){
if( enemyX[0] + 4 - carPos >= 0 && enemyX[0] + 4 - carPos < 9 ){
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
void gameover(){
system("cls");
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t--------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t-------- Game Over -------"<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t--------------------------"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"\t\tPress any key to go back to menu.";
getch();
}
void updateScore(){
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 7, 5);cout<<"Score: "<<score<<endl;
}
void instructions(){
system("cls");
cout<<"Instructions";
cout<<"\n----------------";
cout<<"\n Avoid Cars by moving left or right. ";
cout<<"\n\n Press 'a' to move left";
cout<<"\n Press 'd' to move right";
cout<<"\n Press 'escape' to exit";
cout<<"\n\nPress any key to go back to menu";
getch();
}
void play(){
carPos = -1 + WIN_WIDTH/2;
score = 0;
enemyFlag[0] = 1;
enemyFlag[1] = 0;
enemyY[0] = enemyY[1] = 1;
system("cls");
drawBorder();
updateScore();
genEnemy(0);
genEnemy(1);
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 7, 2);cout<<"Car Game";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 6, 4);cout<<"----------";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 6, 6);cout<<"----------";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 7, 12);cout<<"Control ";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 7, 13);cout<<"-------- ";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 2, 14);cout<<" A Key - Left";
gotoxy(WIN_WIDTH + 2, 15);cout<<" D Key - Right";
gotoxy(18, 5);cout<<"Press any key to start";
getch();
gotoxy(18, 5);cout<<" ";
while(1){
if(kbhit()){
char ch = getch();
if( ch=='a' || ch=='A' ){
if( carPos > 18 )
carPos -= 4;
}
if( ch=='d' || ch=='D' ){
if( carPos < 50 )
carPos += 4;
}
if(ch==27){
break;
}
}
drawCar();
drawEnemy(0);
drawEnemy(1);
if( collision() == 1 ){
gameover();
return;
}
Sleep(50);
eraseCar();
eraseEnemy(0);
eraseEnemy(1);
if( enemyY[0] == 10 )
if( enemyFlag[1] == 0 )
enemyFlag[1] = 1;
if( enemyFlag[0] == 1 )
enemyY[0] += 1;
if( enemyFlag[1] == 1 )
enemyY[1] += 1;
if( enemyY[0] > SCREEN_HEIGHT-4 ){
resetEnemy(0);
score++;
updateScore();
}
if( enemyY[1] > SCREEN_HEIGHT-4 ){
resetEnemy(1);
score++;
updateScore();
}
}
}
int main()
{
setcursor(0,0);
srand( (unsigned)time(NULL));
do{
system("cls");
gotoxy(10,5); cout<<" -------------------------- ";
gotoxy(10,6); cout<<" | Car Game | ";
gotoxy(10,7); cout<<" --------------------------";
gotoxy(10,9); cout<<"1. Start Game";
gotoxy(10,10); cout<<"2. Instructions";
gotoxy(10,11); cout<<"3. Quit";
gotoxy(10,13); cout<<"Select option: ";
char op = getche();
if( op=='1') play();
else if( op=='2') instructions();
else if( op=='3') exit(0);
}while(1);
return 0;
}
输出 。
--------------------------
| Car Game |
--------------------------
1. Start Game
2. Instructions
3. Quit
Select option: 2
Instructions
----------------
Avoid Cars by moving left or right.
Press 'a' to move left
Press 'd' to move right
Press 'escape' to exit
Press any key to go back to menu 1
解释一下 。
- 光标通过gotoxy()函数被放置在屏幕上的指定位置。这表明getoxy()方法可以用来在屏幕上移动指针。它的主要目的是在指针放置的地方打印文本。
- COORD: 是一个用于保持屏幕的框架。X和Y是COORD坐标。一个标准设备的句柄由GetStdHandle函数返回(输入、输出、或错误)。一个句柄是通过系统表中的索引提供给Windows内核对象的一个访问点。我相信Std Output Handle()返回STD OUTPUT HANDLE值,以确定标准输出的活动控制台缓冲区。光标的位置是用SetControlCursorPosition(显然)设置的。
- 标准输入(STDIN)、标准输出(STDOUT)和标准错误手柄(STDERR)都可以用GetStdHandle()方法检索。GetStdHandle()函数需要一个参数,即STD_INPUT_HANDLE、STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE或STD_ERROR_HANDLE。
- 内置的 srand() 函数是C++ STL的一部分,它是cstdlib中指定的头文件。随机数生成器是用srand()函数初始化的。srand()函数建立了伪随机数流的初始值。如果没有调用srand(),rand()种子的设置就如同在程序启动时调用了srand(1)。如果种子被设置为其他值,生成器将从一个不同的起始点开始。