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Ansible 角色

Ansible 角色

角色为变量、任务、文件、模板和模块的完全独立或相互依赖的集合提供了一个框架。

在Ansible中，角色是将一个剧本拆分为多个文件的主要机制。这简化了编写复杂剧本的过程，并使其更易于重用。拆分剧本允许您将剧本在逻辑上分解为可重用的组件。

每个角色基本上仅限于特定的功能或所需的输出，其中包含在该角色本身或作为依赖项列出的其他角色中提供该结果的所有必要步骤。

角色不是剧本。角色是可以独立使用的小功能，但必须在剧本中使用。不能直接执行角色。角色没有明确的设置，用于适用于哪个主机的角色。

顶级剧本是将来自库存文件的主机与应应用于这些主机的角色之间的桥梁。

创建一个新角色

角色的目录结构对于创建新角色至关重要。

角色结构

角色在文件系统上有一个结构化的布局。可以更改默认结构，但现在我们坚持使用默认设置。

每个角色本身都是一个目录树。角色名是在/roles目录中的目录名。

$ ansible-galaxy -h

使用方法

ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup] [--help] [options] ...

选项

  • -h, –help - 显示此帮助信息并退出。

  • -v, –verbose - 详细模式（-vvv表示更详细，-vvvv用于启用连接调试）。

  • --version - 显示程序的版本号并退出。

创建角色目录

上述命令已创建角色目录。

$ ansible-galaxy init vivekrole 
ERROR! The API server (https://galaxy.ansible.com/api/) is not responding, please try again later. 

$ ansible-galaxy init --force --offline vivekrole 
- vivekrole was created successfully 

$ tree vivekrole/ 
vivekrole/ 
├── defaults 
│   └── main.yml 
├── files ├── handlers 
│   └── main.yml 
├── meta 
│   └── main.yml 
├── README.md ├── tasks 
│   └── main.yml 
├── templates ├── tests │   ├── inventory 
│   └── test.yml 
└── vars 
    └── main.yml 

8 directories, 8 files

不会在示例中使用所有的目录，我们将在示例中展示其中一些的使用。

在Playbook中利用角色

这是我们为演示目的而编写的Playbook的代码。这个代码是vivek_orchestrate.yml的Playbook。我们定义了主机：tomcat-node，并调用了两个角色：install-tomcat和start-tomcat。

问题陈述是我们有一个war文件需要通过Ansible部署到一台机器上。

--- 
- hosts: tomcat-node 
roles: 
   - {role: install-tomcat} 
   - {role: start-tomcat}

我们运行playbook的目录结构内容。

Ansible 角色

$ ls 
ansible.cfg  hosts  roles  vivek_orchestrate.retry vivek_orchestrate.yml

Ansible 角色

--- 
#Install vivek artifacts 
-  
   block: 
      - name: Install Tomcat artifacts
         action: > 
            yum name = "demo-tomcat-1" state = present 
         register: Output 

   always: 
      - debug: 
         msg: 
            - "Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {{Output}}" 
            - "Installed Tomcat artifacts - {{Output.changed}}"

启动Tomcat的main.yml文件的内容为：

#Start Tomcat          
-  
   block: 
      - name: Start Tomcat 
      command: <path of tomcat>/bin/startup.sh" 
      register: output 
      become: true 

   always: 
      - debug: 
         msg: 
            - "Start Tomcat task ended with message: {{output}}" 
            - "Tomcat started - {{output.changed}}"

将playbook分解为角色的优点是，任何想要使用安装tomcat功能的人都可以调用安装Tomcat角色。

将Playbook分解为角色

如果没有角色，各个角色的main.yml内容可以复制到playbook的 yml 文件中。但为了实现模块化，创建了角色。

任何可以重用作为可重用函数的逻辑实体，该实体可以移动到角色中。以上示例展示了这一点。

运行了命令来运行playbook。

-vvv option for verbose output – verbose output 
$ cd vivek-playbook/

这是运行playbook的命令

$ sudo ansible-playbook -i hosts vivek_orchestrate.yml –vvv 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

输出

生成的输出与屏幕上看到的一样-

使用 /users/demo/vivek-playbook/ansible.cfg 作为配置文件。

PLAYBOOK: vivek_orchestrate.yml *********************************************************
*********************************************************** 
1 plays in vivek_orchestrate.yml 

PLAY [tomcat-node] **********************************************************************
******** ************************************************* 

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************
****************************** ********************************************* 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:05 +0530 (0:00:00.056) 0:00:00.056 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/system/setup.py 
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" && 
   echo ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870="` 
   echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" ) && sleep 0' 
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmpPEPrkd TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/setup.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0' 
ok: [server1] 
META: ran handlers 

TASK [install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts] ***********************************
*************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:07 +0530 (0:00:01.515)       0:00:01.572 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/packaging/os/yum.py 
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" ) && sleep 0' 
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmpu83chg TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/yum.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/" > /dev/null 2>
   &1 && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "conf_file": null, 
         "disable_gpg_check": false, 
         "disablerepo": null, 
         "enablerepo": null, 
         "exclude": null, 
         "install_repoquery": true, 
         "installroot": "/", 
         "list": null, 
         "name": ["demo-tomcat-1"], 
         "skip_broken": false, 
         "state": "present", 
         "update_cache": false, 
         "validate_certs": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "msg": "", 
   "rc": 0, 
   "results": [ 
      "Loaded plugins: product-id, 
      search-disabled-repos, 
      subscriptionmanager\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. 
      You can use subscription-manager to register.\nResolving Dependencies\n--> 
      Running transaction check\n---> 
      Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency 
      Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n
      \n================================================================================\n 
      Package Arch Version Repository         
      Size\n==================================================================\nInstalling:\n 
      demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\n\nTransaction 
      Summary\n==================================================================\nInstall  1 
      Package\n\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\nDownloading 
         packages:\nRunning transaction 
      check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : 
      demotomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n  Verifying  : 
      demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  
      demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 \n\nComplete!\n" 
   ] 
} 

TASK [install-tomcat : debug] **********************************************************
*************************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:06.757) 0:00:08.329 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {
         u'msg': u'', u'changed': True, u'results': 
         [u'Loaded plugins: product-id, 
         search-disabledrepos, 
         subscription-manager\\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. 
         You can use subscription-manager to register.\\nResolving Dependencies\\n--> 
         Running transaction check\\n---> 
         Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\\n--> 
         Finished Dependency Resolution\\n
         \\nDependencies 
         Resolved\\n\\n==================================================================\\n 
         Package Arch Version Repository         
         Size\\n======================================================================== 
         =====\\nInstalling:\\n demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\\n\\nTransaction 
         Summary\\n=========================================================\\nInstall  1 
         Package\\n\\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\\nDownloading 
            packages:\\nRunning 
         transaction check\\nRunning transaction test\\nTransaction test succeeded\\nRunning 
            transaction\\n  
         Installing : demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \\n  Verifying  : 
         demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch
         1/1 \\n\\nInstalled:\\n  demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1  \\n\\nComplete!\\n'], u'rc': 0
      }", 
      "Installed Tomcat artifacts - True" 
   ] 
} 

TASK [install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment] ****************************************
************************************************************ 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:00.057) 0:00:08.387 ****** 
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or 
   {% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}} 

Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/files/file.py 
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" && echo 
   ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" ) && sleep 0' 
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp0aXel7 TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/file.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
      "diff": { 
         "after": { 
            "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
            "state": "absent" 
      }, 
      "before": { 
         "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
         "state": "directory" 
      } 
   },

   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "attributes": null, 
         "backup": null, 
         "content": null, 
         "delimiter": null, 
         "diff_peek": null, 
         "directory_mode": null, 
         "follow": false, 
         "force": false, 
         "group": null, 
         "mode": null, 
         "original_basename": null, 
         "owner": null, 
         "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
         "recurse": false, 
         "regexp": null, 
         "remote_src": null, 
         "selevel": null, 
         "serole": null, 
         "setype": null, 
         "seuser": null, 
         "src": null, 
         "state": "absent", 
         "unsafe_writes": null, 
         "validate": null 
      } 
   }, 
   "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
   "state": "absent" 
} 

TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
************************************************************* 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.257)       0:00:08.645 ****** 
ok: [server1] => {
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Clean DEMO environment task ended with message:{u'diff': {u'after': {u'path': 
         u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'absent'}, 
      u'before': {u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'directory'}}, u'state': u'absent', 
         u'changed': True, u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO'}", 
      "check value  :True" 
   ] 
} 

TASK [install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home] *************************************
******************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.055)       0:00:08.701 ****** 
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or 
   {% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}} 

Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py 
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" ) && sleep 0' 
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp25deWs TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/command.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "cmd": [ 
      "cp", 
      "-r", 
      "/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo", 
      "/users/demo/DEMO/" 
   ],
   "delta": "0:00:00.017923", 
   "end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633", 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "_raw_params": "cp -r /opt/ansible/tomcat/demo /users/demo/DEMO/", 
         "_uses_shell": false, 
         "chdir": null, 
         "creates": null, 
         "executable": null, 
         "removes": null, 
         "warn": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "rc": 0, 
   "start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710", 
   "stderr": "", 
   "stderr_lines": [], 
   "stdout": "", 
   "stdout_lines": [] 
} 

TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
********************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.260)       0:00:08.961 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": "Copy Tomcat to user home task ended with message {
      'stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633', u'stdout': 
      u'', u'cmd': [u'cp', u'-r', u'/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo', u'/users/demo/DEMO/'], u'rc': 0, 
      u'start': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.017923', 
      'stdout_lines': []}" 
} 

TASK [start-tomcat : Start Tomcat] **************************************************
********************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.044)       0:00:09.006 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py 
<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" ) && sleep 0' 
<localhost> PUT /tmp/tmp9f06MQ TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py && sleep 0' 
<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/command.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "cmd": [ "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh" ], 
   "delta": "0:00:00.020024", 
   "end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649", 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "_raw_params": "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh", 
         "_uses_shell": false, 
         "chdir": null, 
         "creates": null, 
         "executable": null, 
         "removes": null, 
         "warn": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "rc": 0, 
   "start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625", 
   "stderr": "", 
   "stderr_lines": [], 
   "stdout": "Tomcat started.", 
   "stdout_lines": [ "Tomcat started." ] 
} 

TASK [start-tomcat : debug] *************************************************
********************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.150)       0:00:09.156 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Start Tomcat task ended with message: {'
         stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649', u'stdout': 
         u'Tomcat started.', u'cmd': [u'/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh'], u'rc': 0, u'start': 
         u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.020024', 
         'stdout_lines': [u'Tomcat started.']}", 
      "Tomcat started - True" 
   ] 
} 
META: ran handlers 
META: ran handlers 

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************* 
********************************************************* 
server1  : ok = 9    changed = 4    unreachable = 0    failed = 0 

Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.042)       0:00:09.198 ****** 
=============================================================================== 
install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts ------------------------------- 6.76s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 -------------- 
Gathering Facts --------------------------------------------------------- 1.52s 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home ------------------------------- 0.26s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37 ------------- 

install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment --------------------------------- 0.26s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19 ------------- 

start-tomcat : Start Tomcat --------------------------------------------- 0.15s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 ----------------

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11 ------------- 

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29 ------------- 

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.04s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47 ------------- 

start-tomcat : debug ---------------------------------------------------- 0.04s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10 ---------------

点击下面的URL，将会跳转到如下所示的页面− http://10.76.0.134:11677/HelloWorld/HelloWorld

Ansible 角色

已部署的war文件仅有一个显示“Hello World”的servlet。详细输出显示每个任务所花费的时间，这是因为在ansible.cfg文件中添加了相应的条目。

[defaults] 
callback_whitelist = profile_tasks

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